Family and Household Essay Example for Free

Family and Household Essay Sociology is the subject which looks at the social world around us, how the social world works and how it effects and influences our daily lives. People tend to accept the social arrangements in which they grew up as normal or too complicated to understand. The family is the natural way to bring up children and schools are the normal places for children to learn. For most people the social world is just there, challenging their lives, they cannot change it and it is not really worth while trying to understand it. There is a consequence of that argument, which is when people try to understand their place in society, rich or poor, isolated or popular; they usually do so by saying it is their personal abilities, weaknesses and situations that cause them to be as they are. Sociologists do not fully agree with this, they regard it as their job to understand society and the way it affects different people. They do this by using certain concepts such as, values, beliefs, norms and identity, they also look at different theories, which are explanations that link together social events and show how the social events have different effects on different people. Within this essay the writer will be looking at functionalism, feminism and Marxism and how the different aspects affect people and how they impact on the family and household. Family and household are two different things, a household simply means one or more person living in the same home, where as a family typically means a group of people related by ceremonial and or blood ties, living together or in frequent contact. (Moore, 2001) The functionalist perspective is one of the main theoretical perspectives within sociology. It has its origins in the likes of Emile Durkheim, who was especially interested in how social order is possible and how it remains relatively stable. Functionalism was the dominant branch of western sociology until the 1960s, since when it has been increasingly criticised by sociologists, favouring different sociological perspectives. Functionalists argue that â€Å"societies consist of inter-related social institutions such as schools, mass media, political systems and the family each of which contribute positively to the maintenance of stability of society as a whole.† (earlyhamsociologypages.co.uk, 2011) These institutions are said to be functional for societies as a whole. Broadly speaking it is assumed by functionalists that societies operate in the interests of all of their members so that there is no reason for fundamental conflict in society. Instead there is a high degree of consensus that societies are organised efficiently and relatively fairly. Functionalists believe every institution in society contributes to the smooth running of society as a whole. To functionalists the family is at the heart of the family. Murdock claimed that â€Å"the nuclear family is so useful to society that it is inevitable and universal, appearing everywhere† (historylearningsite.com, 2012). Murdock claimed that he had found evidence of nuclear families in the 250 societies he studied. The family is universal because it fulfils essential functions for the family, such as sexual, which controls sexuality and provides stability for adults, reproduction, which provides new members of society, economical, the family provides for its members and education, the family socialises the young into society’s norms and values. They are essential for social life since without the sexual and reproductive functions there would be no members of society, without the economic function (for example, the provision and preparation of food) life would cease, and without education a term Murdock uses for socialization there would be no culture. Human society without culture could not function. (historylearningsite.com, 2012).parsons states there are two irreducible functions of the family, these functions are primary socialisation, through which children learn to accept the norms and values of society and the stabilisation of adult personalities, the family gives adults the emotional support necessary to cope with everyday life. (Moore, 2001) The functionalist view suggests that the nuclear family has become socially isolated from extended family and geographically separated from wider family and more reliant on the welfare state. The family is self-contained, inward looking with little contact with neighbours and community, home leisure’s have made the family more home centred. Functionalists have been accused of idolising the family; they ignore conflict, abuse and gender equality within families and the ever growing divorce rates and family diversity. Feminists have been highly critical of the highly positive view of the family presented by Functionalists and the more critical view presented by Marxists. The reason for this scepticism boils down to one key concept: patriarchy. Patriarchy refers to a system of male dominance. Historian and activist Cheris Kramaroe once famously remarked that† feminism is the radical notion that woman are human beings† (Head, 2012). Feminism is about woman living on equal terms with men and not being pushed down by law or culture into a lower role within society. Feminists believe that the family is patriarchal, dominated by men and it exploits and oppresses women. The family supports and reproduces inequalities between men and woman, woman are Oppressed because their socialised to be dependent on men and remain second place. They reject the new rights view of the separate roles and also reject the march of progress view, in that society has not changed and it is still unequal. Feminists believe that marriage remains patriarchal and that men benefit from wives, they reject the functionalist view of one best family type, and they welcome fre edom and diversity. (Anderson, 2008). Critics argue that there is too much focus on negative aspects and that feminists sometimes ignore recent social changes. Critics claim that feminists portray woman as passive victims as if they are unable to act against discrimination. The same critics believe that feminists focus on one specific group and ignore woman in families from other cultures and ethnicities Marxist Feminists argue that within capitalist societies the nuclear family is part of the overall structure of capitalism and that its organisation and functions are heavily influenced by the nature of the capitalist economic base which means that womens oppression derives primarily from the organisation of the capitalist system rather than from the patriarchal behaviour of men. According to Marxist Feminists housewives fulfil several important functions for the capitalist system: they bear and rear children at no cost to the capitalist system and, along with their husbands, encourage their children to accept authority such that a new, suitably obedient generation of workers becomes available; housewives also provide many domestic services at low or zero cost which reduces the wage levels which the capitalist system needs to pay its male workers. Women also form part of the reserve army of labour which is available for employment during times of economic boom but which can return to the traditional housewife- mother role during economic recession. Marxist feminists also believe women provide emotional support for their husbands/partners without this they would be unable to face the oppression and alienation of the capitalist workplace. Without this emotional support it is also possible that workers would be more prepared to challenge the capitalist system. However, family responsibilities may also dissuade workers from strike activity and the existence of families with its demands for cars, washing machines and other consumer durables also helps to maintain spending and capitalist profits. The socialisation process which operates within the family both stabilises the capitalist system as a whole and also by discouraging female career aspirations, restricts female career opportunities. (Head, 2012). Marxists shares some similarities with feminism, it argues that society is unequal and that it is characterised by oppression, however, Marxists believe that the oppression is of the proletariat by the bourgeoisie. Marxism is a conflict theory which sees all societies’ institutions, such as the education system, the media, religion and the state as helping to maintain class equality and capitalism for Marxists, therefore, â€Å"the functions of the family are performed solely for the benefit of the capitalist system† (sociogeeks.com, 2011). Marxists believe that the family aids capitalism by being a big consumer of goods, which they have to pay for, as long as the family are around, people will keep buying the products and the bourgeoisie will continue to make money. (earlyhamsociologypages.co.uk, 2011)Marxists also believe that woman staying at home looking after the children are producing the next generation of the proletariat. This means that more people will be created to fill the jobs of the retiring proletariat. Marxists believe that the family cushions the main producer, this is similar to the functionalist perspective where after a hard day at work, the main provider, usually the male, will be comforted by his family, they are there to relieve the pressures so he can return to work the next day less stressed than when he left the day before. This allows the bourgeoisie to have a worker in the next day and to have a guaranteed work force. Marxists believe that family is a strong influence on education and is considered the primary socialisation, this is beneficial for the bourgeoisie because the family and education system will teach the norms and values, which are that the society they are living in is correct. (Moore, 2001) Education makes the proletariat believe in the benefits of capitalism and will make the children believe in the myth of meritocracy. Feminists argue that the Marxist emphasises on social class and capitalism underestimates the importance of gender inequalities within the family, for feminists, the family primarily serves the interests of men rather capitalism. Functionalists argue that Marxists ignore the very real benefits that the family provide for its members, such as intimacy and mutual support. Others feel that Marxists tend to neglect the meanings families have for individuals and how family members interpret family relationships. (Head, 2012) In conclusion Functionalists see society as similar to a human body. Each part of the human body relies on different organs in order to function correctly. According to functionalists society operates in exactly the same way because it relies on different social institutions such as the family, schools, and the government working together to keep the social body working properly. In contrast Marxists see society as operating solely to make a profit for the ruling class. The proletariat are socially engineered to conform to the needs of a ruling class who benefit the most from societies using a capitalist economic system. Therefore schools and the family exist solely to provide a compliant labour force who will willingly serve the needs of capitalism. On the other hand feminists see society as operating in order to meet the needs and wishes of men (patriarchy). Patriarchal societies are engineered to meet the desires and needs of men through institutions like the family and the education system. On this basis feminists say women are second-class citizens. References Anderson, M. L., 2008. Sociology. In: J. Cheng, ed. understanding a diverse society. USA: Thompson Wadsword, pp. 308-312. earlyhamsociologypages.co.uk, 2011. early ham sociology pages. [Online] Available at: www.earlhamsociologypages.co.uk

Suitable Network To Implement In Gaming Centre Computer Science Essay

Suitable Network To Implement In Gaming Centre Computer Science Essay In this documentation, is going to propose a suitable network to implement in gaming centre. In order to select the right network, it is necessary to have understanding and knowledge on various types of network, to know the efficiency and reliability of the network, various types of game and requirement, network topology and architecture, ISP package selection, network component. Follow by types of game that going to provide to the customer, by providing several example of games requirement for making decision on different types of hardware and software to use in gaming centre. The game requirement is an important role that allows gaming centre to choose the suitable hardware for the computer in the gaming centre in order to achieve customer satisfaction. In order to allow customer to play online and LAN games with lowest connection latency, the selection of network topology and architecture is important. Due to the gaming centre is going to implement 30 gaming computer for the customer, the right topology and architecture allow customer to play online and LAN game smoothly. To play an online game with smooth connection, it is required to have good bandwidth of connection speed. Therefore, choosing the suitable package among other Internet Service Provider will be based on the connection speed. To build a complete and working network for the gaming centre, the major component of network cannot be missed out, which is computer, software, network interface device, and transmission media. Each of the components has different responsibility in order for a network to be complete. With the help of research on Internet, the model of device and type of application is recommended base on the specification of the hardware and software. However, these hardware and software may request to change by gaming centre after or before the implementation based on their justification. Assumption Below is some of the assumption of the gaming centre and network that going to implement:- The gaming centre will be providing high-end game to customer. Customers allow playing offline, online, and LAN games in the gaming centre. The gaming centre is capable of hosting tournament for different types of online and LAN games. The computer specification is sufficient enough for most of the high-end game. The connection bandwidth is capable to handle up to 35 computers in the gaming centre. The network topology, architecture and device recommended able to achieve the terms of scalability and flexibility for the gaming centre to expanding the business in future. Limitation There is some of limitation of the network that may require specialist or admin with relevant knowledge to solve the problem. These limitations may require paying extra attention by admin in order to minimize the lost that cause by it. The particular networks fail if the centralized device is encountering a problem. This may affect all computers that connected to the device. The network congestion problem occur when huge numbers of users trying to access the server to obtain the resource from the server. When the server is down or damage, it unable to handle and provide result of request by the customer such as starting a game. 1.0 Chapter 1 1.1 Introduction Wendell Odom (2004, pg.5) states that Network, a combination of hardware, software, and cabling, which together allow multiple computing devices to communicate with each other. In general, network basically means that numbers of computer being attached together in order to communicate and sharing information using cable. However, without proper configuration and supported software, communication and sharing information activities cant perform accordingly. Picture below shows the example of a network. Figure 1.1 Computer Network (http://www.home-network-help.com/wireless-router-as-access-point.html, n.d.) In order to create a successful network, it should consist of several parts, which is computer, software, network interface device, and transmission medium. Without any of the important part mention above, it will not call as a network. Computer is electronic devices that allow users to perform certain task easily compare to perform manually. Software is an application that helps computer to perform most of the task. Network interface device is referring to the device that uses to connect the computer with the internet, example modem, switch, router, and hub. Transmission medium is cable that connects the network interface device with the computer, as well as connects to the internet. People nowadays know that advantage of network is to share resources and information in shortest time and different geographical location. It helps to evaluate the travel time from one location to another location. Moreover, network also helps increased cost efficiency, this is refer to most of the software are published are costly and required certain amount of time to install. With the help of network, they can stored or install the software on a server so that it can be used by different workstation. In the gaming centre, it allow customer to access to the game play online or LAN games with players within or outside the gaming centre. 1.2 Type of Network 1.2.1 Wide Area Network (WAN) The gaming centre will be implementing the Wide Area Network, which is a combination of multiple Local Area Networks to allow customer to play online game as well as LAN game at the same time. Example of the WAN is Internet. It combines all the LAN that connected to the internet which allows users to communicate and sharing resource within the LAN or other LAN that connected to the Internet. Figure 1.2 WAN (http://wally.cs.iupui.edu/n241_06/files/webMag/index.html, n.d) The reason of having WAN for the gaming centre is due to the wide coverage of the network. The only resource needed for the gaming centre to implement is LAN that can access to the Internet, then it is automatically becomes part of the WAN. 2.0 Chapter 2 2.1 Computer Game Mark Stanfield and Thomas Connolly (2008, pg.25) states that The definition of computer games combines the more comprehensive concept of game with the use of computer. The game concept represents a structured or semi-structured activity with goal that players try to achieve and set of rules governing its operation. Base on the definition, game is referring to a well planned structure that consists of objective for anyone that plays it. However, player is required to understand and obey the rules and regulation of the specific in order to achieve the objective and gain achievement. Meanwhile, computer game is mean by the game can only be played using electronic devices which is computer. That the beginning of computer games, there is only offline game available and it required lesser disk space compare to computer games nowadays. Until today, there is plenty type of computer game on the market, such as online games, offline games, LAN games which is local area network games, and every type of computer games had been classified into different categories, for example RPG, FPS, RTS and many more. Offline games is referring to any games that can play by single player and unable to connect through the network and play with other players that playing the same game. An online game is referring to any type of game that can play using Internet and play or compete against other player. Lastly, LAN games is referring to any types of game that can played with other players within the certain area whereby users computer is connected to a same network. However, there are many games that can allow single player as well as multiplayer. Every game had its own requirement in order for player to play the games without any foreseen problem, the requirement divided into different categories, such as type operating system, processor, and type of graphic card, numbers GB of RAM, hard disk space, and also DirectX version. However, there is minimum requirement and recommended requirement which allow player to know that the specific game is suitable to play on their computer or not. Minimum requirement is to allow users to run and play the game in a normal performance and loading speed. As for recommended requirement, users able to run and play the game smoother in terms of performance and higher loading speed. As a LAN gaming centre, it is necessary to have various type of games provided to customer according to their favourite, and to satisfied the customer, there is certain level of knowing the games requirement and specification so that the centre able to choose the right hardware and software for the computer in the centre. By taking some example of the games requirement, it should be able to help in choosing the proper gadget for the computer. 2.2 Types of Game The game chosen to review the game requirement and use it as a reference for selecting the suitable hardware and software for the computer, Starcraft II, Warcraft 3, Counter-Strike: Source, Sudden Attack SEA, and Devil May Cry 4. The example of game chosen included online games, offline games, and LAN games. Online game example for this documentation is Sudden Attack SEA, which is first person shooting game and can only be played while connected with internet. Offline game is Devil May Cry 4 which is role playing game only for single player. Lastly LAN game, the example of game chosen is Starcraft 2 and Warcraft 3, a real time strategy game, and Counter-Strike: Source is a first person shooting game. These three games can be played with other player while connected to the network. However, it can be consider as offline, online game as well, due to these game are able to play with single player or connected to internet and play with or compete against other player. 2.3 Games Requirement Figure 2.1 Sudden attack SEA (online) (http://www.gx.com.sg/Blog/Blog.aspx?id=7ab57b16-fa13-4f2a-a937-0fb14368fec3, n.d) System Minimum Requirement Recommended Requirement CPU Intel Pentium 4 1.8GHz or above AMD Athlon XP2100 or above Intel Core 2 Duo or above AMD Athlon 64 X2 or above Memory 1GB or above 2GB or above (Win Vista/7) 2GB or above 4GB or above (Win Vista/7) Video Card 128MB or above 256MB or above Microsoft DirectX 9.0c compatible Graphic Card Operating System Windows 2000/XP/Vista/7 DirectX Microsoft DirectX 9.0c or above Hard Disk Space 3GB free space after game installation Table 2.1 Sudden Attack requirement (http://suddenattack.asiasoftsea.net/04-download/04-download_01_01.aspx, n.d) Figure 2.2 Devil May Cry 4 (offline) (http://cineclubecovilha.com/torrent/torrent/Devil-May-Cry-4-DVDDL-Full-PC-Gamedaa/2905/0.html, n.d) System Minimum Requirement Recommended Requirement CPU Intel Pentium 4 processor or better Intel Core 2 Duo processor or better Memory 512MB 1GB Video Card NVIDIA GeForce 6600 series or better NVIDIA GeForce 8600 series or better Operating System Windows XP service pack 2 Window Vista Hard Disk Space 8GB Drive DVD-ROM Drive Table 2.2 Devil May Cry 4 requirement (http://devilmaycry.org/243/devil-may-cry-4-pc-system-requirements.html, n.d) Figure 2.3 Starcraft II (LAN/Online/Offline) (http://www.keys4.me/starcraft-2-ii-wings-of-liberty-eu-cd-key-pc.html, n.d) For Windows OS System Minimum Requirement Recommended Requirement Operating System Window XP/Vista/7 (latest service pack) Window Vista/7 CPU 2.6GHz Pentium IV or equivalent AMD Athlon processor Dual Core 2.4GHz processor Graphic Card 128MB PCIe NVIDIA GeForce 6600 GT or ATI Radeon 9800 PRO or better 512MB NVIDIA GeForce 8800 GTX or ATI Radeon HD 3870 or better RAM 1GB (1.5GB for Window Vista/7) 2GB Hard Disk Space 12GB Others (hardware) Keyboard/mouse, Internet Connection Resolution Minimum 1024720 display resolution DirectX DirectX 9.0c Table 2.3 Starcraft II: Wings of Liberty requirement (for Windows) (http://us.blizzard.com/support/article.xml?articleId=26242locale=en_US, n.d) For Mac System Minimum Requirement Recommended Requirement Operating System Mac OS X 10.5.8, 10.6.2 or newer Mac OS X 10.6.5 or newer CPU Intel Processor Intel Core 2 Duo processor Graphic Card NVIDIA GeForce 8600 GT or ATI Radeon X1600 or better NVIDIA GeForce 9600M GT or ATI Radeon HD 4670 or better RAM 2GB 4GB Hard Disk Space 12GB Others (hardware) Keyboard/mouse, Internet Connection Resolution Minimum 1024720 display resolution Table 2.4 Starcraft II: Wings of Liberty requirement (for Mac) (http://us.blizzard.com/support/article.xml?articleId=26242locale=en_US, n.d) Figure 2.4 Counter-Strike: Source (LAN/Online/Offline) (http://www.moddb.com/games/counter-strike-source, n.d) For Windows System Minimum Requirement Recommended Requirement CPU 1.7GHz processor Pentium 4 processor (3.0GHz or better) RAM 512MB 1GB Graphic Card DirectX 8.1 level graphic card (Requires support for SSE) DirectX 9 level graphic card Operating System Windows 7 (32/64-bit) / Vista / XP DirectX DirectX 8.1 or above DirectX 9 or above Table 2.5 Counter-Strike: Source requirement (for Windows) (http://store.steampowered.com/app/240, n.d) For Mac System Minimum Requirement Operating System OS X version Leopard 10.5.8 Snow Leopard 10.6.3 RAM 1GB Graphic Card NVIDIA GeForce 8 or higher ATI X1600 or higher Intel HD 3000 Others (hardware) Mouse, Keyboard, Internet Connection Table 2.6 Counter-Strike: Source requirement (for Mac) (http://store.steampowered.com/app/240, n.d) Based on the example of game requirement shown above, it clearly shows that different game have its own minimum and recommended requirement in order to play the game smoothly. Games requirement are usually based on previous version of graphic card or processor that already in the market to allow more player to play the games with their current computer. It also shows that different year of published the game may affected the requirement directly. With the example given for different games requirement, it helps the gaming centre to choose the right hardware for the gaming computer. 3.0 Chapter 3 3.1 Topology The topology choose to implement in the gaming centre is star topology. Star topology is one of the most common topology that used in current days. In star topology, every device is connected to a centralized device such as switch, router, or hub via Ethernet cable. This topology arrangement creates a point-to-point network connection between two devices and overall gives the appearance of a star. The reason of implementing the star topology in the gaming centre is the level of flexibility and expandability is high. Multiple star can combine as a hierarchical star and connectivity of the network on one particular computer will not affected other computer that connected to the same network unless the whole centralized device or main cable connected with the modem or router is damaged. Figure 3.1 Star Topology (http://tjliu.myweb.hinet.net/COA_CH_12.htm, n.d) 3.2 Architecture The architecture that suggested implementing in the gaming centre would be client-server architecture. Client-server architecture is referring multiple user computer connect and interact with one or multiple server that connected within same network. This architecture allows multiple users to submit request at the same time, and the server able to react to the request and provide result to user requested accordingly. Server are usually powerful machine due to the workload is heavy and need to be complete within short period of time. The reason of implementing client-server architecture to the gaming centre is due to the resource will be kept in the server that connected to the same network with the users computer. If the gaming centre decides to expand and add more computers to the network, it would be very easy to configure and it wont affect other clients connection with the server. Figure 3.2 Client-server (http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/jw-10-2001/jw-1019-jxta.html, n.d) 3.3 Internet Service Provider ISP is the companies that provide Internet service to the people by subscribe various packages that give various amount of Mbps and services to the customer. Some ISP also provides modem/router for subscribing their package. The ISP that suggested is TM. Currently TM is promoting high speed broadband called Unifi, these package allow customer to enjoy the speed from minimum 5Mbps up to 20Mbps. For the gaming centre, the BIZ 10 package is sufficient enough for gaming. Below shows some of the key features of the BIZ 10 package:- Download and upload up to 10Mbps 1 fixed IP Unlimited usage 2 online guard plus 2 ishield plus 3.4 Component of Network In earlier part of documentation, it states that a complete network consists of 4 major components. The components are, computer, software, network interface device, and transmission medium. If lacking either one of the components, a network will not complete. 3.4.1 Computer Computers, a component that responsible on dealing with the user and connection, to setup, configure and maintain the network. Gaming centres main objective is to provide good service in terms of game playing satisfaction for customer to gain profit. In customer view, they usually hope to play game without any connection latency problem, or display lagging problem during the game. And also external hardware such as keyboard, mouse, and headphone also must be in good quality to satisfy the customer. In order to achieve the objective, choosing the right hardware for the computer would be important. Due to the computer hardware is updating model and performance frequently, there is impossible for a gaming centre to get a set of latest hardware for computer in the gaming centre, because it is costly. In this case, the computer that installed in the gaming centre would be a customize computer, which means the CPU itself is installed based on buyers need. Therefore, the computer specificat ion for the gaming centre is shown on table below. System Component Device model Operating system Windows 7 Ultimate 32-bit CPU Intel Core i5 650 @ 3.20GHz RAM 4GB Graphic Card ATI Radeon HD 5670 DirectX DirectX 11 Table 3.1 Computer Specification In order for gaming centre to keep the important data and information such as finance report or employees profile. It is highly recommended to implement server in the gaming centre. Server also allows gaming centre to store the games that going to play by the customer. Customer able to play any games that already installed in the server of the gaming centre, by choosing and click on the games shortcut inside the computer, customer are able to play the game freely. The model of server recommended to implement in gaming centre is Dell PowerEdge R515 2U Rack Server. It is suitable for storing database, application, email and others file. This model of server consists up to 25TB of internal storage space. And is easy to manage with the help of dell management console, and interactive LCD screen and other features to allow administrator to monitor and maintain the server frequently. Figure 3.3 Dell PowerEdge R515 2U Rack Server Processors AMD OpteronTM   4100 series processors Memory Up to 128GB1  (8 DIMM slots) 1GB/ 2GB/ 4GB/ 8GB   Up to 1333MHz Operating System Microsoft ®Ã‚   Windows ®Ã‚   Small Business Server 2011 Microsoft ®Ã‚   Windows ®Ã‚   Small Business Server 2008 Microsoft ®Ã‚   Windows Server ®Ã‚   2008 SP2, x86/x64 (x64 includes Hyper-VTM   ) Microsoft ®Ã‚   Windows Server ®Ã‚   2008 SP2 R2, x64 (includes Hyper-VTM   v2) Microsoft ®Ã‚   Windows ®Ã‚   HPC Server 2008 Novell ®Ã‚   SUSE ®Ã‚   Linux ®Ã‚   Enterprise Server Red Hat ®Ã‚   Enterprise Linux ®Ã‚   Virtualization Options: Citrix ®Ã‚   XenServerTM   VMware ®Ã‚   vSphereTM   4.1 (including VMware ESX ®Ã‚   4.1 or VMware ESXiTM   4.1) Storage Option Hot-plug Hard Drive Options: 2.5 SAS SSD, SATA SSD, SAS (10K) 3.5 SAS (15K), nearline SAS (7.2K), SATA (7.2K) Maximum Internal Storage: Up to 8TB1-24.6TB1  (depending on chassis) Embedded Network Controller One Dual-Port Broadcom 5716 Gigabit NIC (total of two 1x GB ports) Drive Bays Hot-Swap options available:   Up to eight or twelve 3.5 SAS or SATA, or 2.5 SAS or SSD drives Slots 3 PCIe G2 slot + 1 storage slot: One x8 slot Two x4 slots One x4 Storage slot Power Redundant 750W hot-plug power supplies Availability Hot-plug hard drives, Hot-plug redundant power, ECC memory, and Quad-pack LED diagnostic (12HDD chassis) or interactive LCD (8HDD chassis) Graphic Maxtrox G200eW w/8MB Chassis 8 HDD Chassis 3.40 H x 17.19 W x 24.09 D (in) 86.4 H x 436.6 W x 610.2 D (mm) 12 HDD Chassis 3.42 H x 17.53 W x 26.17 D (in) 86.7 H x 445.2 W x 664.6 D (mm) Management DellTM   OpenManageTM   BMC, IPMI 2.0 compliant Lifecycle Controller enabled via optional: iDRAC6 Express, or iDRAC6 Enterprise and vFlash Unified Server Configurator Table 3.2 Server Specification (http://www.dell.com/us/en/enterprise/servers/poweredge-r515/pd.aspx?refid=poweredge-r515s=bizcs=555, n.d) 3.4.2 Software The software that recommended implementing into the gaming centre is Windows 7 Ultimate 32-bit installed in every computer inside the gaming centre due to user friendly. For the server, it is recommended to install Windows small business server 2008. This particular operating system support internet connectivity, internal Web sites, remote access, file and printer sharing, backup and restore to secure all the resource that installed in the server. For securing the computer in the gaming centre from virus attack and hacking, the antivirus also required to install. The KasperSky anti-virus 2011 is the latest and suitable to protect the computer in gaming centre. In order to maintain and configure the network easily, the Cisco routers are integrated with Cisco IOS which is an all-in-one network operating system that allow user maintain the network using Cisco IOS Command Line Interface (CLI). With the help of Cisco IOS, administrators can configure, monitor and troubleshoot the system easily. Last but not least, all the games software or client need to installed into the server to allow customer to access. The reason of installing all games client is to save time on install and maintain. When a games encounter a problem, admin can solve it on the server side compare to install in each pc, admin have to solve the same problem over and over again when problem encounter. 3.3.3 Transmission Media The transmission media used for the gaming centre is Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) and wireless. UTP is the most commonly used media for connecting from device to device in various type of network. It consists of eight individual copper wires and each of the wires are covered by an insulating material and twisted around each other. Upon searching for information regarding UTP (CICSO, 2004) has shown various category of UTP cable. Category 1 Used for telephone communications. Not suitable for transmitting data. Category 2 Capable of transmitting data at speeds up to 4 megabits per second (Mbps). Category 3 Used in 10BASE-T networks. Can transmit data at speeds up to 10 Mbps. Category 4 Used in Token Ring networks. Can transmit data at speeds up to 16 Mbps. Category 5 Can transmit data at speeds up to 100 Mbps. Category 5e Used in networks running at speeds up to 1000 Mbps (1 gigabit per second [Gbps]). Category 6 Typically, Category 6 cable consists of four pairs of 24 American Wire Gauge (AWG) copper wires. Currently the fastest standard for UTP. The reason of having UTP to be implement in the gaming centre is due to the cost for the cable is cheap compare to other type of cables and is easier to install as well. It also can support multiple signals travelling through the same cable. Figure 3.3 Unshielded Twisted Pair cable (http://www.tech-faq.com/utp.html, n.d) 3.4.4 Network Interface Device For network interface device, is the component that act as the middle man in terms of business, it is connected with the users computer, and also Internet to handle data transferring, such as modem, router, switch, hub, and bridges. The device that implement in the gaming centre is modem, router, and switches. Each three device have different usage, modem, allow users to gain access to the internet which usually provided by the Internet Service Provider company upon subscribe the package. Router, to allow more than two users to connected and access to the internet, it also allow users to form a LAN. Switches, allow multiple users to communicate and sharing resource within the network. The router that recommended implementing in the gaming centre is Cisco 2951 Series Integrated Router. This model of routers has the feature shown below:- 3 integrated 10/100/1000 Ethernet ports with 1 port capable of RJ-45 or SFP connectivity 2 service module slots 4 Enhanced High-Speed WAN Interface Card slots 3 onboard digital signal processor (DSP) slots 1 internal service module slot for application services Fully integrated power distribution to modules supporting 802.3af Power over Ethernet (PoE) and Cisco Enhanced PoE Security Onboard hardware acceleration for VPN encryption Secure collaborative communications with Group Encrypted Transport VPN, Dynamic Multipoint VPN, or Enhanced Easy VPN Integrated threat control using Cisco IOS Firewall, Cisco IOS Zone-Based Firewall, Cisco IOS IPS, and Cisco IOS Content Filtering Identity management using authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA), and public key infrastructure Voice High-density packet voice DSP module, optimized for voice and video support Standards-certified VoiceXML browser services Cisco Unified Border Element capabilities Cisco Unity Express voicemail support. Support for Cisco Communications Manager Express and Survivable Remote Site Telephony Figure 3.4 Cisco 2951 Series Integrated Router (http://www.datavox.net/ProductsServices/cisco-2951-router.htm, n,d) For switches, one of the most famous and reliable brand is Cisco. Therefore, the model choose to implement in gaming centre will be ESW-520-48P-K9. This particular model of switch contains 48 ports which mean that it capable to handle 48 devices at a time and it have 4 expansion ports: 2 10/100/1000BAST-T and 2 SFP slot. Figure 3.5 ESW-520-48P-K9 (http://www.telephonyware.com/telephonyware/products/cisco-esw-520-48p-k9.html, n.d) 4.0 Floor Plan Figure 4.1 Floor Plan 5.0 Network Diagram 6.0 Appendix 6.1 Practical 1 Task A List the different types of Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) cables commonly found and state the common uses for each. (12 marks) Category 1 Used for telephone communications. Not suitable for transmitting data. Category 2 Capable of transmitting data at speeds up to 4 megabits per second (Mbps). Category 3 Used in 10BASE-T networks. Can transmit data at speeds up to 10 Mbps. Category 4 Used in Token Ring networks. Can transmit data at speeds up to 16 Mbps. Category 5 Can transmit data at speeds up to 100 Mbps. Category 5e Used in networks running at speeds up to 1000 Mbps (1 gigabit per second [Gbps]). Category 6 Category 6 cable consists of four pairs of 24 American Wire Gauge (AWG) copper wires. Currently the fastest standard for UTP. Task B Identify the components and tools necessary to wire Ethernet cables using the chosen UTP cable. (4 marks) RJ-45 connecter Crimping tool (AMP modular plug hand tool) Cable tester UTP cable Task C For each of the component and tool identified in part (b), describe and illustrate using diagrams where applicable the purpose of each and differentiate the various categories or classifications should they exist. (20 marks) UTP cable Figure 6.1 UTP cable (http://www.tech-faq.com/utp.html, n.d) -Common type of cable that used to connect between computer and network device in most of the network nowadays. RJ-45 connecter Figure 6.2 RJ-45 connecter (http://www.or.com.my/products/cable/accessories/, n.d) -To connect between RJ-45 interface network device and computer. Crimping tool (AMP modular plug hand tool) Figure 6.3 AMP modular plug hand tool (http://www.laikeet.com/catalog/product_reviews_new-amp-tyco-2-231652-0-modular-plug-hand-tool-crimper.html, n.d) -A multipurpose tool that can use for stripping the wires jacket and cut the wires into specific length and crimping RJ-45 connecter to sealed the wires of UTP in correct place within the jack Cable tester Figure 6.4 Cable tester (http://networkcable-tester.com/2011/01/14/cable-tester-2/, n.d) To perform a test on the cable when successfully crimped. Task D Using separate diagrams, illustrate the different two wire color-code standards for implementing of UTP Ethernet cables. (16 marks) Figure 6.5 color-code standard (http://www.controlcable.com/custom.asp?c=61084321, n.d) Table 6.2 Wiring Standards (http://www.controlcable.com/custom.asp?c=61084321, n.d) Pin # T568A T568B 1 White/Green White/Orange 2 Green Orange 3 White/Orange White/Green 4 Blue

The Significance Of Dreaming :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Alexander the Great dreamt of a dancing satyr before conquering Tyre. An interpreter said his dream meant, â€Å"thine is Tyre†, which fortified Alexander before the battle (Boxer 1). President Lincoln dreamt about his own death before it actually occurred several days later, but ignored the dream (Cartwright 3). Is it possible that if he had taken his dream more seriously he could have taken precautions that would have spared his life on that fateful evening at the theater? The course of U.S. history could have been altered just as history was altered when Alexander the Great dreamt of a dancing satyr that led to the courage to conquer Tyre.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Understanding dreams and why we have them is important, but shouldn’t influence how we react to our daily lives. Many diverse hypotheses have been made on how and why we dream and there is a wide-spread disagreement by psychologists and scientists to explain these strange happenings.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of the foremost authorities on dreaming was Sigmund Freud, who attributed dreaming to psychological causes. Freud said, â€Å"The dream hides not a divine message, but a wish from the dreamer’s unconscious† (Boxer 1). He felt that all dreams were tied to desires that a person wasn’t aware of consciously, and dreaming allowed these desires to be fulfilled (Evans 84).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  By way of contrast, Dr. J. Allen Hobson does not subscribe at all to Freud’s psychological notions, and suggests that dreams are the product of brain stem activity. He says a wish can’t be a cause of a dream because the non-thinking part of the brain, the brain stem, activates a dream. â€Å"Hobson believes that neurophysiology even explains why dreams seem so emotionally loaded†¦because the brain stem activates the emotional center--the limbic brain—and because the ‘startle network,’ the part of the brain stem that speeds the heart and breathing is turned on† (Boxer 3). G. William Domhoff, Ph.D., of the University of California, Santa Cruz, believes that dreams reveal the cultural stereotypes and preoccupations of men and women (Boxer 4). â€Å"You break down a verbal report of a dream into its constituent elements and count the number of times each element appears† (4). Analyses of dreams, counting the number of men versus women, friendly versus aggressive interactions, indoor versus outdoor locations, day versus night time, etc., can find out a dreamers preoccupation’s, explains Domnoff (4). Analyses like these can prove what men and women both notice more in their dreams.

poems :: essays research papers

Poems   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Andrew Marvell’s poem, â€Å"To His Coy Mistress,† Marvell starts out by saying how much he loves this girl that even time is not a matter, but halfway through he switches and starts to say that time is nearing and that basically if we do not do the deed now, then, â€Å"And your quaint honor turn to dust, And into ashes all my lust:† (29-30) In Ben Jonson’s poem, â€Å"To Celia,† Jonson begins by laying his game on thick and saying that we need to make love, but halfway through he changes his ways and starts saying that you should not care what others say lets do it, who cares if the maids find out or even your husband, lets just do it. These poems are both carpe diem poems which means to seize the day, and that is just what the writers and the speakers of these poems are doing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Both poems start out in about the same manner, by trying to get the female â€Å"to be† with them, but for some reason halfway through they both take the same turn and that turn takes them straight into lust and wild erratic behavior. In Marvell’s poem he basically says that if I cannot have you those worms will the irony in this is that the male organ has been referenced to a phallic object like a worm. He also talks about your quaint honor turning to dust and along with it all my lust, the quaint honor that he is talking about is that girl’s vagina. He is telling her that now is our time to make love and if you do not do it with me now then when you are dead the one thing that you tried to hold on to will be gone.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jonson does even worse; in his poem the speaker is trying to seduce a married woman. He tells her that fame and rumors are nothing but toys and can we not delude the eyes of a few household spies. The speaker is putting everything he has into to this woman and trying to sleep with her. â€Å"’Tis no sin love’s fruit to steal; But the sweet theft to reveal,† This poem is from the play Volpone and this poem is being spoken by Volpone, which is interesting because the name Volpone means fox. The mood of the poem is very smooth and sly so the name fox fits perfectly for this guy.

Horney And Jewel :: essays research papers

For my paper I decided to use Karen Horney’s Social Psychological Viewpoint on the â€Å"Search for Social Security† and compared it with the singer Jewel. I found that Jewel and Horney’s viewpoint went together well. Jewel is someone that has social security and I will give examples of how she got it and how she deals with society. I got my information from an article I read about Jewel talking about the new book she just wrote on herself. The book is called Chasing down the dawn; Jewel describes it as, â€Å" the upward spiral in my life.† Horney emphasized the individuals search for a sense of security in the world as the primary motivational force in personality. In attempting to establish a sense of security, each person develops a particular personality style for coping with the world. Jewels personality style for coping with the world is one of the rules she lives by: â€Å"To live a true to yourself life, to be honest and courageous and know that good things will follow out of that.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Horney assumed that the early relationship between parent and child was extremely important in determining personality in adulthood. Jewel had very good relationships with her parents, even when they divorced when she was only eight years old. She lived with her father for a while, who was a folk singer, in Alaska. They would perform together. Then she went and lived with her mother in California, where they moved into vans parked side by side to save money so Jewel could make music a priority. I think it helped her singing career a lot by the way her parents were so supportive.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are three strategies for achieving social security. They are: Moving toward, against, and away from people. Moving toward people involves believing that if you go along with people and give them what they want, they will give you love and a sense of affection. Out of the three strategies Jewel moves toward people more. When fans and critics say they want to know the â€Å"real Jewel,† she considers it a good thing, because â€Å"That’s what they’re gonna get! I can’t be about trying to hide what’s not perfect about me.† It takes a lot of courage to remain true and authentic to who and what you are everyday. Jewel knows that, from the outside, celebrity makes life look easy.

Does emerging energy technology have the potential to provide power for the entire Tanzanian population affordably?

our site – CUSTOM ESSAY WRITING – DISSERTATION EXAMPLES Abstract This study proposes to examine the role of emerging energy technology and policy innovation and how this impacts developing economies. Employing Brazil as an example, this research identifies and assesses opportunities for the expansion of sustainable energy and policy for the nation of Tanzania. The value of this study rests in studying the link between energy innovation, organisational culture and increased capacity. 1 Introduction1.1 BackgroundThe identification and application of emerging energy technology is at the forefront of national economic growth (Timilsina, 2012). Many studies illustrate the contention that innovation and organisational culture awareness can enhance economic prosperity, thereby increasing the adoption of valuable technology, leading to a better standard of living for many populations in emerging nations (Barry et al, 2011). This research rests on the hypothesis that emerging nations that adopt emerging technology and policy opportunities have the potential to increase national use and underlying standards of living. Assessing both the cultural expectations and the energy industry opportunities provided in Brazil, this research determines if performance in Tanzania should be boosted by an industry and leadership that aligns cultural policy with the objectives of the energy market to accomplish national goals.1.2 Aims & ObjectivesThe objective of this study: Determine the viability of emerging technology and energy policy to provide power and a better standard of living for the Tanzanian population. In order to accomplish this objective a case study based on the more developed nation of Brazil will provide real world demonstration of the strengths and detriments of the innovative energy policy approach.1.3 Research QuestionsThe research questions are as follows: What is the relation of emerging energy technology to Organisational Culture How are innovative energy processes facilitated by Organisational Culture How does a culturally innovative energy strategy impact a nation How does Organisational learning and energy innovation enable an industry to respond to Tanzania’s requirements Is innovation necessary to sustain access to emerging market opportunities 2 Literature Review2.1 Energy InnovationEnergy innovation is defined as the introduction of new methods or products into a market or policy setting (Ahlborg et al, 2014). This suggests that new technology can have an impact on an existing energy market such as Tanzania.2.2 Organisational CulturePractices, policies and priorities that are held by a society are directly responsible for the acquisition and application of innovative policy and technology (Hall et al, 2011).With this evidence, there is a clear suggestion of a link between cultural perception and technological adoption.2 .3 Implementation and Assessment of Innovative ImpactOne of the primary drivers of organisational structure is positive production and progress during implementation (Christensen, 2005).Assessing the efforts over time using Hofstede’s cultural dimensions as a cultural tool and the STEEPLE instrument to assess industry options provides a well-rounded illustration of impact. 3 Methodology3.1 ApproachBoth deductive and inductive avenues were reviewed; with the decision that the best method for this research will be the Interpretivism or the Qualitative approach (Cresswell, 2011). Secondary research based on a case study of Brazil evaluated using Hofstede’s Cultural dimensions to evaluate societal influences alongside the STEEPLE industry analysis thereby providing the working infrastructure evidence. This strategy will be adopted for this study so that existing data can be effectively accumulated and analysed.3.2 Research StrategyQualitative, Interpretative research methods will be used so that the literature can provide a wider analysis of the subject matter. This form of research will provide a solid foundation for well-balanced study.3.3 Data Collection Instruments and MethodsThe resources that will be used include text books, journal articles, online databases, government reports and applicable websites. 5 References Ahlborg, H. and Hammar, L. (2014). Drivers and barriers to rural electrification in Tanzania and Mozambique–Grid-extension, off-grid, and renewable energy technologies. Renewable Energy, 61, pp.117–124. Barry, M., Steyn, H. and Brent, A. (2011). Selection of renewable energy technologies for Africa: Eight case studies in Rwanda, Tanzania and Malawi. Renewable energy, 36(11), pp.2845–2852. Christensen, C. (2005). The innovator’s dilemma. 1st ed. New York: HarperCollins. Friebe, C., von Flotow, P. and T†aube, F. (2014). Exploring technology diffusion in emerging markets–the role of public policy for wind energy. Energy Policy, 70, pp.217–226. Hall, J., Matos, S., Silvestre, B. and Martin, M. (2011). Managing technological and social uncertainties of innovation: the evolution of Brazilian energy and agriculture.Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 78(7), pp.1147–1157. Strauss, S., Rupp, S. and Love, T. (2013). Cultures of energy. 1st ed. Walnut Creek, CA: Left Coast Press. Timilsina, G., Kurdgelashvili, L. and Narbel, P. (2012). Solar energy: Markets, economics and policies. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16(1), pp.449–465.

Jones Case Study

Jones Case Study Scenario 1: Since it seems like the Jones’ are set on having a family and that family is important to them this scenario will focus more on what could be best for them to do to make sure their family life is stable. In this scenario it seems to me that Jim needs to find a job closer to home that maybe works him a little less. He has stated that he would like to spend more time with his son and that could be achieved by working closer to home. The commute itself would save him about 7 hours weekly that he could spend with his child.Jim has also mentioned that his job isn’t particularly exciting so this might be his chance to go after something he likes more while giving him more time at home. Since his wife makes more money it might not be bad if he took a little pay cut as well in order to accomplish his goals. As far as Lisa goes if having a family is truly a main priority for them she may not want to take the job in Atlanta. She already has a job that makes quite a bit and a move to Atlanta would only mean more work and probably would mean that they wouldn’t be able to have another child for a couple of years.Also moving to a bigger city will also mean that they will have to find new child care which may cost more, another home which will cost more and Jim will have to definitely find another job which could put a strain on the marriage if he is unsuccessful or if he is making considerably less that she is. I see the best outcome with this scenario if Jim can find a job closer to home in order to spend more time with his son and also find a change of pace with his job. Lisa would need to stick with her current position in order to make having a bigger family more attainable for the moment.Scenario 2: If Jim and Lisa put a priority on being financially secure and more so value Lisa’s career then these are some options they might consider. First off Lisa would definitely need to take the promotion and they would move to Atlanta. This would be great because they would definitely have enough money for their home as well as childcare. They would also have more financial security and would be better able to save for things like their kids education and retirement since Lisa is now making more money than both of them were combined.If Jim also found another job they would be very secure financially and potentially with the move it might open up more job options for Jim and he may find something that he enjoys more. Moving to a bigger city also opens up the options for better childcare and better education for their children in the future should their family grow. However as mentioned in the last scenario this may put a strain on the marriage if Jim is unsuccessful in finding another job. Also this new job for Lisa will probably mean more hours at work and less time with the family.It will probably also mean not having another child for quite sometime and maybe never depending on what her new roles ar e at her job. The family might definitely have to be put on the backburner for a little while as the transition occurs. Scenario 3: This scenario would be kind of an extreme mix of the two previous scenarios. Since Jim has stated that he wants to spend more time with their son he could possibly become a stay at home dad. Lisa could take the job in Atlanta, which would definitely make more than enough money to support a family of three especially since they could cut childcare costs.Some cons to this situation however would be that they would have to overcome the social stigma of having the wife work and the dad stay at home. That would be the biggest challenge in my opinion. Especially if Jim started to feel like his worth had been diminished. This could definitely put a strain on the marriage. Also Lisa would have to deal with turning over her motherly duties somewhat and spend less time with the family. She would also probably not be able to have kids anytime soon as well but if t hey decided to at least this way she wouldn’t have to take as much time off since Jim would be home tending to the new child.Jim could also start up some type of business he could run at home. This would allow him to feel like he is contributing to the family income but also spend time with the kids. Reflection: This assignment is a good preparation for big decisions that we all make in our lives. One thing that it shows is that there are many possible solutions to any problem and that we must look at the risks and rewards with each and decides which is best for our own unique family situation. These decisions would be much easier for a family with no children vs. family that already has 3 or 4 kids. If my wife and I were presented with the same situation I would think that we would follow scenario 1 the closest since family is most important to us. Neither of us are really looking to make a lot of money and for myself I wouldn’t mind being a stay at home dad. My wife may object but I love kids and spending time with them and if my wife was offered a job that paid a lot of money, enough to support a family, and it was something that she wanted to do and was passionate about I would like to think that I would support her in doing that.Every family is different though and needs to meet different needs so there is no wrong or right way to go about this. I personally believe that family should always come first but that doesn’t necessarily mean that you have to spend a lot of time with them. I think it is important though that you are there for your spouse or your kids when they need you and that you are there to support them in the things that they do. If they feel your love and support I don’t think it matters how many hours you work or how much money you make.