Overview of Lord of the Flies by William Golding Essay...

Lord of the Flies This book, Lord of the Flies, was written by English author William Golding. It was his first book and when it was published in 1954, he was 43 years old. In 1983, the author got a novel prize in literature (Bruce, 1993). The book is about tragic story of young boys in an unknown island in war time. Although the book was not great success at that time, it soon became a best-seller and it is a recommended book in the world now. It has been cinematized three times since 1963. William Golding took elite courses. He graduated Oxford University and he was a teacher. He served in the navy for a time and reinstated as teacher (Nobelprize.org). I think his intelligence and military experience formed this story. There are many†¦show more content†¦Simon is one of Ralph’s group members and he is a representative character of peace and positive mind. He loves the nature of the island and he has positive prospect about the future that bring them successful escape. He is the boy who saw an illusion of ‘Lord of the files’ at first. The book started at a war. Many boys on the plane got accident and suddenly fell on the island. The boys are all normal students and some of them belong to a musical choir. They don’t know each other and they have to survive in the island without adults. It is a wild and children vote for leader not to be savage and to survive. They are isolated from civilization. They need to establish new state by their own efforts. In the far island, because nobody knows where they are, waiting for passing ship, they make some rules and try to be cultured men. However, they slowly obey to natural instinct and become more and more insane. English boys fly away from war and nuclear bomb. A plane that is boarded by children crashes in an island in the Pacific and the pilot dies. After all children gather, they decide to make a group leader by vote. There were two candidates Ralph, who makes children gather, and Jack, who is a leader of choir boys. Ralph won and it makes Jack feel terrible. At first, children expect their free life without any adults, such as parents or teachers. They just play games and play in water. As being a rational child, Ralph, however, decides to light a fire so thatShow MoreRelatedLord of the Flies by William Golding1585 Words   |  7 Pages Lord of the Flies by William Golding is a fictional novel highlighting natural characteristics of man kind. The Book was created during the post World War II period. Before creating this novel, William had experience in the navy where he learned of the nature of mankind. The introduction of the book portrays a plane crash where a large group of boys are stranded on an island. 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Jean-Jacques Rousseau, a famous French philosopher, theorized that humans are instinctively good, however, when given an aggravating situation, then their minds become warped and are set into a bad state. Thus, humans are naturally good, but it is society that demeans them.Read MoreHow Do William Golding and Williams Shakespeare Present Disturbed Characters?1268 Words   |  6 PagesHow do William Golding and William Shakespeare present disturbed characters? In Lord of the Flies Golding presents disturbed characters as savage and blood-thirsty. After his own experience in world war two, he seems to believe everybody has a savage personality and thriving which is brought out through an extreme situation. Golding uses the technique of evoking emotion from the reader through the use of innocent children committing unthinkable actions. He conveys his views through the ever growingRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s Lord Of The Flies 891 Words   |  4 Pagesis the most intelligent boy in the island, he cannot be the leader himself because he lacks leadership qualities and has no affinity with the other boys. He is physically weak due to his asthma making him a man of thought rather than action (Lord of the Flies). As a result, Piggy s intellect benefits the group only through Ralph, as he serves as Ralph’s advisor. Simon is the outcast of the novel. He is quiet and isolated among the group. He is often misunderstood by the boys. However, he has aRead MoreWilliam Golding s Lord Of The Flies1578 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å"Effective leadership is not about making speeches or being liked; leadership is defined by results not attributes† (Peter Drucker). In the novel Lord of the Flies, written by William Golding, a decent sized group of boys are marooned on an island. This island starts as somewhat of an oasis, containing everything that the boys need to survive and thrive, except for one thing: a leader. One of the older boys would need to step up, and it comes down to Ralph, a boy around the age of twelve who finds

My Goals For Children s Life - 893 Words

Mission statement We believe we can provide safe, secure, affordable, quality care for our families in a home like environment. We also strive to create a positive atmosphere so the children can interact with their peers, teachers and families. We believe that children can learn from their peers regardless of their abilities. We see to it that everyone is treated equally regardless of their ethnic and religious backgrounds. We provide a challenging and educational curriculum as well. As children graduate from child care, my goal is for every child and parent to be confident and fully prepared for the next step in the children’s lives. For this assignment I have chosen Drew a 30 month old little boy who is autistic. Drew’s cognitive skills are near age appropriate but he has significant delays in socialization and communication skills he rarely initiates or engages in social conversations. Some of Drew’s favorite toys are trains, Disney figurines and markers. Drew has a tendency to throw temper tantrums, and has a difficult time following directions and reacts strongly to the word â€Å"no†. My mission statement reflects my commitment to helping Drew because I feel as though children no matter what their ability might be can learn from their peers. We need to look past their disabilities and encourage them to do new things. Recognition and respect is another ethical issue. Although Drew has a significant delay in his social and communication skills everyone around himShow MoreRelatedMy Goals For Children s Life995 Words   |  4 Pageslike environment. We also strive to create a positive atmosphere so the children can interact with their peers, teachers and families. We believe that children can learn from their peers regardless of their abilities. We see to it that everyone is treated equally regardless of their ethnic and religious backgrounds. We provide a challenging and educational curriculum as well. 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Time being the most reasonable concern scoring on 50 percent. Due to my other commitments being a wife and mother these responsibilities affects my studies and time but not in a bad way. Following with 65 percent, Skills 70 percent, Place 75 percent, and at 100 percent is the Reason. Especially this semester being a fast-trackedRead MoreAgency Information On The Agency1572 Words   |  7 Pagesinformation on the agency (is) or organization(s), to include a. The full name- the name of the agency that I have volunteered for is Good Life Fitness Center. b. Their mandate/mission/goals- At Good Life our purpose is to give every Canadian the opportunity to live a fit and healthy good life. (Good Life Fitness, 2015) c. 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The Bachelor of Science in Management program is designed to develop professional knowledge and skills of general managers in their organization or professional industry by improving organizational effectiveness (University of Phoenix, 2006). UOP s mission statement focuses on student learning and takes the team approach to learning, similarRead MoreGraduation Speech : The Collegiate Body, Junior College And Universities Aren t Limited1031 Words   |  5 Pagesnarratives, my immediate theory was this class was comprised of a nineteen completely different strangers. It seemed the only common ground for each of us was English Composition alone. As I proceeded to read, gradually as if almost by magic, classmates lives evolved into note-taking facts, but with these facts I could start to see the pieces our individual stories unite together to become a whole. Not all of us were alike, our lives, ages, and locations we re greatly assorted, but through my researchRead MoreA Teacher’S Primary Role Is To Coach And Facilitate Student1191 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferent pace and levels. This is why it is important to develop and tailor a teaching style that will stimulate the minds and actions of students in your classroom environment. Establishing a healthy learning environment is most important. Therefore, my classroom will be a learner centered classroom that produces critical thinkers, who are at the same time deeply engaged in the subject at hand, while also enjoying the process and learning experience. In this paper, I will discuss two scholars teachingRead MoreWhat Is The American Dream?1407 Words   |  6 Pages What is the American Dream? If you ask anyone they will provide you with all types of answers, from making a successful life for one to wishing and hoping that America changes and grows as a whole. 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Essay on Conjoined free essay sample

The Imagery in â€Å"Conjoined† Poets use imagery to capture the emotion and feeling in the poem in which they are writing. Judith Minty, in her poem â€Å"Conjoined,† uses imagery to truly depict the meaning and emphasis of that work. Through the images that Minty paints in the minds of her readers, the essence of the poem is revealed. One can strongly see and feel the emotion that this poem possesses. The images are distinct and bold, and through the first, second, and third stanza, the images can be easily seen and identified. The poem â€Å"Conjoined† is not a pleasant poem, but it speaks of great truth for the situation in which it describes. Minty’s poem begins with a small, yet important, subtitle; â€Å"a marriage poem. † This subtitle begins the imagery of the entire poem. Even though this poem never once speaks of a couple in a marriage, the images that the poem does portray are of just that, a marriage. The first stanza begins with the image of an onion sitting in a cupboard. However, this onion is neither normal nor natural in any conventional sense. This onion, which is actually two onions combined into one, is deformed and distorted from the union. The second image used in the first stanza is an invisible skin that combines these two onions to make them one. These two images represent a marriage between two people, and that marriage has become deformed, distorted, and loveless. The image of the two onions being combined as one shows, that when marriage does take place, the two people are no longer a singe person, but now one unit. The invisible skin, that envelope the two onions, is an image of the matrimony the two people share; however, these images are not ones that express happiness. The two people are miserable with one another, and the marriage that they share is what deforms and alters the two partners. The second stanza brings in two new images that show this marriage and the agony it brings on both of its partners. The first image of the second stanza is of a â€Å"two-headed calf rooted in one body† (lines 5-6). This deformed calf paints a perfect picture of the marriage these two people share. Each head of the calf fights with its counterpart to be able to obtain milk from its mother. This image also represents the marriage that these two spouses have for one another. The calf itself represents the marriage, and the two heads of that calf are the partners within that marriage. This image is perfect because it shows that even though the two partners are joined together through marriage, their union is so incredibly loveless, that each companion must fight to sustain life. The second image that Minty uses in her second stanza is of the illustrious Siamese twins, â€Å"Chang and Eng† (line 7). This image is another perfect example of the anguish these two people share while combined in this marriage. Using these twins as an image for an anguished marriage, one can easily see the stress and grief that these two companions are experiencing. The joining of the twins â€Å"at the chest by skin and muscle† (line 8), is another image and representation of the marriage between the two partners. Minty goes on to say that the Siamese twins were not born together, but the two of them were â€Å"doomed to live, even make love, together for sixty years† (lines 8-9). This image alone shows that these two people are not happy to be in this state of being. These two spouses are doomed under the bonds of marriage. The final stanza of Minty’s poem â€Å"Conjoined† shows one of the most explicit images the poem has to offer. The first image in the third and final stanza speaks once again of a skin that keeps the couple bound together. This image references one of the first images that Minty used in the beginning of her poem. This skin is a representation and image of the marriage that the couple shares. The next image that Minty uses is the strongest image the poem has to offer. â€Å"To sever the muscle could free one, but might kill the other† (lines 12-13). This image sends chills down the spine when it is read and for the first time in this poem, death becomes a prominent role. Having the muscle play the image of the marriage shows the strength and power that a marriage has over two people. When that â€Å"muscle† that joins these two companions is cut or severed, only one will be able to walk away from that situation alive, leaving the other dead. Minty uses this image to show the magnitude of the situation at hand. Having death and murder play a role in this poem, truly shows the anguish and pain that this spouse is experiencing. Minty moves from this image of death to the image of an actual man and wife. â€Å"Ah, but men don’t slice onions in the kitchen, seldom see what is invisible† (lines 13-15). These lines paint a deliberate picture of men in relationships. Minty says that men seldom see the underlying factors as they rarely see what is below the surface. In this instance, the speaker of the poem states that men do not see what is invisible, and the speaker is referring to the damaged relationship as that invisible entity. Minty finalizes her poem with one simple, yet powerful sentence; â€Å"We cannot escape each other† (line 15). This one line explains the poem on multiple levels. The fact that these two partners are miserable together, the one fact that the two can agree upon is that they will never be able to be apart. Judith Minty’s poem â€Å"Conjoined† speaks the direct opposite of the conventional marriage poems that are usually written. This poem does not speak of the happiness and joy marriage brings, but it tells of a marriage that has gone horribly wrong. When reading the title of the poem â€Å"Conjoined,† and the simple subtitle â€Å"a marriage poem,† one would suspect the poem to be about two lovers’ passion or love that has brought them to marry one another. However, with Minty’s poem, this is not the case. The images she uses in each of her three stanzas vividly portray a marriage that is entirely loveless. Even though this poem about a marriage that is far from conventional, Minty’s use of metaphors and similes, along with the images those figures of speech reveal, make this poem quite unique.

Life Expectancy Essays - Environmental Economics, Kaya Identity

Life Expectancy The environmentalist view of the energy intensity is based on the legacy of the I = P?A?T equation in which environmental Impact equals Population, multiplied by Affluence, and further multiplied by Technology (Earth Report 2000: Revisiting the True State of the Planet. 1999). The further desegregation of this formula implies that energy intensity can be looked upon as an integrative variable describing the impact of both technology and affluence. Bruce et al. (1996) argue that intensity is inversely related to efficiency. Improving efficiency reduces the amount of energy required to provide a given output, i.e. an output of the same quality and quantity. In real life, though, the precise nature of the output is unknown, hence intensity is a proxy for efficiency. The Kaya Identity is an expression that is introduced by Bruce et al. (1996) to describe the relationship among the factors that influence trends in energy-related carbon emissions: C = (C / E) ? (E / GDP) ? (GDP / POP) ? POP. The formula links total energy-related carbon emissions (C) to energy (E), the level of economic activity as measured by Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and population size (POP). The first two components on the right-hand side represent the carbon intensity of energy supply (C/E) and the energy intensity of economic activity (E/GDP). Economic growth is viewed from the perspective of changes in output per capita (GDP/POP). At any point in time, th e level of energy-related carbon emissions can be seen as the product of the four Kaya Identity components - energy intensity, carbon intensity, output per capita, and population size. In fact, growth in energy intensity in industrialized countries has historically lagged behind economic growth, whereas the two are more closely correlated in developing countries. As a country's energy intensity changes, so does the influence of a given level of economic activity on carbon emissions. Increased energy use and economic growth generally occur together, although the degree to which they are linked varies across regions and stages of economic development (Mies 2000). In CCEE, the energy situation is characterized - when compared with CWE - by very high energy and electricity intensities. According to ?rge-Vorsatz and Szeszler (1999), this situation can be attributed to three main elements: a) The largest part of the GDP is due to industrial production, with an emphasis on heavy industries (iron and steel, chemicals, machinery) which are big energy consumers. b) The very low level of energy efficiency of end-use devices, equipment and appliances is aggravated by the lack of maintenance and the obsolescence of the equipment. c) The economic crisis which the CCEE countries have been enduring since 1989-1990: a deep slow down in industrial production, a lack of investment in the energy sector, the non-payment of energy by the consumers, in particular in the energy sector itself. Alongside with the energy efficiency gap between CCEE and CWE, the life expectancy gap exists. Hertzman et al. (1996) show diverging trends in life expectancy becaming evident in the mid-1970s, and the gap continued to widen in the 1980s for all major causes of death, particularly cardiovascular diseases. The situation is worse in the Newly Independent States than in the CCEE, and worst in the Central Asian countries (Nanda et al. 1993). There is no single reason for the health gap - Walberg (1998) points out - but contributory factors include the increasing prevalence of major risk factors in the quality of environment. Social Issues

In Order To or So That in Spanish

In Order To or So That in Spanish Phrases such as in order to, so that, and with the aim of are known as subordinators of purpose - and there are several ways to get across those ideas in Spanish.   Using Para and Para Que for In Order To The most common Spanish subordinator of purpose is the conjunction para or the phrase para que, as in the following examples: Come para vivir, no vive para comer. (Eat in order to live, do not live in order to eat.)Para perder peso, tiene que reducir la cantidad de calorà ­as en su dieta. (In order to lose weight, you have to reduce the number of calories in your diet.)Haga click en la foto para conocer los à ºltimos trabajos de este artista. (Click on the picture in order to learn more about the final works of this artist.)Voy a hacer una lista para que no olvides mis cosas. (Im going to make a list so (or so that) you dont forget my things.)Para que comprenda lo que quiero decir, primero permà ­tame advertirle. (In order to understand what I want to say, first let me tell you.)Tambià ©n se le debe ofrecer agua para que beba. (You can also offer him water so (or so that) he can  to drink.)Hay muchos trucos para que cocinar sea ms fcil. (There are many tricks so that  cooking is easier.) Note that in most cases you the same Spanish translation works for either in order to or so (that). As in the above examples, para que is followed by a verb in the subjunctive mood, while para standing alone is followed by an infinitive. Also, you may notice that when the para infinitive construction is used, the person performing both actions is the same, while when para que subjunctive is used, the persons are different. See the difference in these simple examples: Trabajo para comer. (I work so that I eat.)Trabajo para que comas. (I work so that you eat.) This rule isnt always strictly followed. It is possible under some circumstances to use para by itself when there is a shift of doer, or (more often) to use para que when theres not. But the method given here is the most common and also the easiest for foreigners to use if they wish to keep from making grammatical blunders. Other Spanish Subordinators of Purpose Here are some examples of other Spanish subordinators of purpose (in boldface): Salieron a cazar por el dà ­a. (They left in order to hunt for the day.)Llegan a comer mariscos. (They came in order to eat seafood.)Llame al oficina a defin hablar confidencialmente con un asesor. (Call the office in order to speak confidentially with an advisor.)A fin de que su aplicacià ³n sea à ºtil, las correlaciones encontradas deben ser tan poco obvias que parezcan ilà ³gicas. (In order for your application to be useful, the correlations found ought to be so inobvious that they seem illogical.)Fueron a las ruinas con el fin de aprender ms. (They went to the ruins with the goal of  learning more.)Con el fin de que el turismo pueda ser una actividad sostenible, es fundamental que se adopten cà ³digos de conducta. (In order for tourism to be a sustainable activity, it is vital that codes of conduct be adopted.)Con objeto de controlar la produccià ³n agraria, se prevà ©n sistemas de cuotas. (In order to control farm production, quota systems are being planned.)Con objeto de que los grupos sean lo ms homogà ©neos posibles, rogamos que no participen los desempleados. (So that the groups are as homogenous as possible, we ask that unemployed persons not participate.) As you might have guessed, the differences between a fin de and a fin de que, and between con objeto de and con objeto de que, are similar to the differences between para and para que. Phrases such as con el fin de and con objeto de are more common in Spanish and less stuffy-sounding than English equivalents such as with the purpose of.

Iambic Pentameter Verses in Plays Like Julius Caesar

Iambic Pentameter Verses in Plays Like Julius Caesar Shakespeare was famous for writing in iambic pentameter, which is a specific way of rhyming sonnet lines in ten syllables. There are also forms of unrhymed iambic pentameter, as in Macbeth, with the noble characters. This metrical pattern of writing is also known as blank verse, and Shakespeare was famous for composing his plays as such. However, he also included additional forms of writing such as poetry and simple prose. Understanding Iambic Pentameter The term iambic pentameter† can sound intimidating at first, however, its simply a way of speaking that  Shakespeare’s contemporary audience would have been used to. While it is important to have an understanding of what iambic pentameter is to appreciate the plays,  there are only five key things to know: Iambic pentameter is a verse rhythm often used in Shakespeare’s writing.It has 10 syllables per line.Syllables alternate between stressed and unstressed beats, creating this pattern: â€Å"de/DUM de/DUM de/DUM de/DUM de/DUM.†Shakespeare played around with this structure to create different effects (for example, he changed the stress pattern and added syllables).Generally speaking, high-class characters speak in iambic pentameter and lower class characters speak in prose. The Origins of Iambic Pentameter and the Reasons for Its Use The goal of iambic pentameter was to create a meter for the English language in the sixteenth century. The reason for this was due to Latin being seen as the language of true literature while English was for common folk. Because Latin was seen as a superior language for poetry and literature, poets developed iambic pentameter to use English words that could be stressed and unstressed.   The effect of the pattern from Blank Verse allows poetry to be full of movement, imagery, and a music-like quality. In contemporary poetry, it is considered somewhat of a lost art, however, some use the pattern or a similar rhyming scheme  as a technique to bring their work to life. Iambic Pentameter Examples From Famous Shakespearean Plays Examples of iambic pentameter are found in many of Shakespeares plays, such as  Romeo and Juliet, Julius Caesar, A Midsummer Nights Dream, and more. See instances of the pattern in the verses that follow. From Romeo and Juliet: Two households, both alike in dignity,In fair Verona, where we lay our scene,From ancient grudge break to new mutiny,Where civil blood makes civil hands unclean.From forth the fatal loins of these two foesA pair of star-crossd lovers take their life;(Prologue) But, soft! what light through yonder window breaks?It is the east, and Juliet is the sun.Arise, fair sun, and kill the envious moon,Who is already sick and pale with grief,That thou her maid art far more fair than she:Be not her maid, since she is envious;Her vestal livery is but sick and greenAnd none but fools do wear it; cast it off.(Act 2, Scene 2) From Julius Caesar: Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears!(Act 3, Scene 2) From A Midsummer Nights Dream: And I do love thee: therefore, go with me;Ill give thee fairies to attend on thee,And they shall fetch thee jewels from the deep,And sing while thou on pressed flowers dost sleep;(Act 3, Scene 1) From Richard III: Now is the winter of our discontentMade glorious summer by this sun of York;And all the clouds that lourd upon our houseIn the deep bosom of the ocean buried.(Act 1, Scene 1) From Macbeth: Henceforth be earls, the first that ever ScotlandIn such an honour named. Whats more to do,Which would be planted newly with the time,As calling home our exiled friends abroadThat fled the snares of watchful tyranny;Producing forth the cruel ministersOf this dead butcher and his fiend-like queen,Who, as tis thought, by self and violent handsTook off her life; this, and what needful elseThat calls upon us, by the grace of Grace,We will perform in measure, time and place:So, thanks to all at once and to each one,Whom we invite to see us crownd at Scone.(Act 5, Scene 8) From Hamlet: O that this too too solid flesh would melt,Thaw, and resolve itself into a dew!Or that the Everlasting had not fix’dHis canon ’gainst self-slaughter! O God! O God!(Act 1, Scene 2) From Twelfth Night: If music be the food of love, play on;Give me excess of it, that, surfeiting,The appetite may sicken, and so die.That strain again! it had a dying fall:O, it came oer my ear like the sweet sound,That breathes upon a bank of violets,Stealing and giving odour! Enough; no more:Tis not so sweet now as it was before.O spirit of love! how quick and fresh art thou,That, notwithstanding thy capacityReceiveth as the sea, nought enters there,Of what validity and pitch soeer,But falls into abatement and low price,Even in a minute: so full of shapes is fancyThat it alone is high fantastical.(Act 1, Scene 1)

Florida's Sunshine Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Florida's Sunshine Law - Essay Example This is so that everyone residing in the state can be assure of proper representation in the procedures and that their opinions and points of view are heard when necessary. The state of Florida should be applauded for encouraging their residents to take an active role in their government. This kind of transparency on the local and state levels means that their state and local governments are truly held accountable for their actions in relation to its direct impact on the residents. Residents of Florida will not and cannot be blindsided by the state and local governments when it comes to government policies. Rather, the state and local governments are made fully accountable for their actions to the people by the existence of the Sunshine Law. As such, the local and state government of Florida are fully aware of all the decisions that they make and tread lightly on issues that they know may be looked into by the people under the law. This type of open government and accountability is what is sorely lacking and what we wish to see more of coming from their Capitol Hill

World Religions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

World Religions - Essay Example Renowned in the world of academia, he is the celebrated author of a great many pieces of work related to sociology and religion, one of which is The Heretical Imperative. The purpose of my essay is to elucidate on his theory of heretical imperative. In order for us to understand what that is, we must first understand the key concepts of secularization, modernity, and religion since they play an important part in Mr. Berger’s theory of the heretical imperative. Dr. Peter Berger has written a lot regarding sociology of religion. Therefore, now the question arises, what is religion? According to Berger, â€Å"Religion is the human enterprise by which a sacred cosmos is established...sacred here, meaning a quality of mysterious and awesome power, other than man and yet related to him, which is believed to reside in certain objects of experience† (Berger, 1990, pp. 3-28). Religion is universally agreed to be born of faith in something that is bigger than anything we can ever conceive. A set of guiding rules are established from this faith. Religion helps us by making use of these rules, to create a sacred world for us; sacred because it is a world of mystical occurrences, not directly linked to us but a big part of us. A person can be sacred; an institution, a book, or perhaps a statue too. Anything or any being with which we attach a mystical and awesome power is, in all essence, sacred. And that sacredness is what Berger believes to be religion. In his book, Berger explains the other two vital concepts: modernity and secularization. In sociology, modernity is something that arose post industrial era. It is the phasing out of feudalism by people and their entering into the world that is similar to ours. It is losely linked with modernity is secularization. In Berger’s perspective - and in most sociologists’ as well - secularization marks the movement of the world from living with a close affiliation with religious beliefs to non-religiou s beliefs and secular states. Berger believes that it is pluralism that caused modernity and secularization. So what do these concepts have to do with the concept of heretical imperative? â€Å"Religion itself becomes a matter of choice; of necessary choice insofar there are few taken-for-granted religious ‘facts’ to fall back upon. In other words, religion becomes a heretical imperative† (Knepper, 2001). Here Knepper writes a review by using some of Berger’s own words to describe what a heretical imperative is. We live with a heretical imperative because of the pluralism that exists in our lives. The great numbers of institutions, religions, theories, paradigms give us too many choices. Religion itself is a matter of choice now. â€Å"Berger argues in his book that to face up to the relativity of theological knowledge requires that one affirm certain elements of the tradition and reject others; that is the heretical imperative† (Woodhead, 2001, pp. 1-9). According to Woodhead, Peter Berger has explained in his book that in traditional cultures (of the pre-modern man) people were exposed to a certain set of fundamental principles and rules. It is true that the so many cultures existing today are based on different religious and mythological epistemologies, but each culture, according to Berger, has an internal, underlying consistency; it must have it if it wishes to survive. To challenge this underlying mythology is called heresy. Berger explains heresy to mean to choose for one's self. The irony here, obviously, is that one will be heretical whether they choose traditional values or not. This is because when one chooses any values, or makes any kind of decision regarding religion, the substitutes and other choices are taken into

Compare the two newspapers Essay Example for Free

Compare the two newspapers Essay In this essay I will be studying two articles and discussing the differences between them. One article is from the tabloid newspaper The Daily Mail and the other article is from the broadsheet newspaper The Guardian. Both reports are the same and are about an A-level grading scandal at the universities in Cambridge and Oxford. The headline also includes slight exaggeration describing the disaster at the universities as a scandal to entice the reader. The page is set on a five-column layout with two subsections at the bottom of the page. The pictures are printed just below the headline, as they are important to the clarification of the report. Below the pictures are the annotations from each of the three students explaining their stories. There are also the names of the reporters and writers above the article. The three pictures of the students are full facials as the photographers were trying to get close-up enough so you can feel the frustration that they are going through. They are three separate pictures as the students are from different classes, possibly even from different schools. They have a student from History called Michael Herring a young lady from English called Ann-Marie and another young lady also called Anne-Marie but from Geography. The emotions they show are frustration and anger at the situations they have now been put in. The opening paragraph is definitely the main part of the article not including the headline. It is the first proper part of script, which you read, and its this part, which has to get you hooked for you to read on. The opening paragraph for this report definitely does that as it summarises the story in short form, so, if you like it, you read on, if you dont, you read whatever does interest you. Overall the written report is all about the event at hand, it doesnt wander and talk about something else suddenly, it is about the one story only. There arent really any opinions but it does have peoples speech and comments e. g. some members of the council board have mentioned that there is a definite fault in the new grading system. It does mention that Tony Blairs son Euan Blair could have also been affected by this event as he was taking his French A-levels at the time it happened. So Tony Blair is supporting any means of helping the situation. In my opinion the reporters would find it hard to find this sort of story amusing and they have obviously looked into every fact and written each one about twice. So I think they certainly have their own opinions about this situation. There isnt really any proper slang as this is an important report and the language is aimed at all age groups. The reporters have made sure everyone can read the article. It isnt written in superior or sophisticated words either, as the newspaper is not aimed at really high-class people . There isnt any jokes or stock expressions, as they arent trying to make this story into a joke , it is a serious report. I would say the overall tone of the report is earnest. This decision is supported by the title of the report which exaggerates the story and makes it sound very significant. The pictures support the tone as the students seem depressed and unhappy so they also make you think what has happened is not a good thing . The report itself is written as if they know exactly what their talking about and they want you to know. I dont think this is typical report for a tabloid newspaper because normally they add lots of stock expressions and use more colloquial language. I think the purpose of this report is to make you think. Think about the important things that are happening at the moment that arent actually affecting you, for you to realise what is happening in your community and to possibly act upon it. Maybe you cant act upon this but maybe when there is something else just as important you wont choose to ignore it. In the broadsheet newspaper this would probably be categorised as an inside story as it doesnt take up much room on a broadsheet page. Also this report doesnt have any pictures but it does have a lot of writing. The article is about the same subject as the tabloid, but the headline describes it in a different way. It doesnt use any exaggeration but it tries to make the report sound more horrific by saying the number of examination papers that have to be reviewed, which is, 300,000 where as the tabloid newspaper said the number of students that the grading scandal had hit, which is, 100,000. The report is a six-column layout with a short bold headline above it and a quick summary of what the story is about before you actually start to read the article and at the end of the report theres an email address for the Guardian newspaper online. The opening paragraph uses no colloquial language and is written in a full but short sentence. The whole article is dedicated to the written report and there are no subsections on the page although in a broadsheet there were probably other features on the page or other stories. Again the writers or reporters names are on the page. No slang words are used as the type of people who read the newspaper are mainly high-class people who wouldnt read slang or colloquial language. There are a lot of peoples comments in the report. I suspect the reporters find this story very interesting as they include what a lot of people said and add the teachers names who work at the universities. There are no stock expressions but I dont think its just because this is a serious report, I dont think they use them anyway. I think the tone of the report in the broadsheet is not quite as serious as in the tabloid , the newspaper liked the story and decided to publish it to see if that would get the readers eye. I dont think it was very high priority to the reporters as it was only an inside story and there were no pictures to support the tone of the article and the headline wasnt very strong either. The broadsheet would ever publish something like this as a human interest story, unlike the tabloid, as it would not interest the type of people who would buy this newspaper. My conclusion is that I think tabloid newspapers are easier to read and they have pictures to support the article and the newspaper is smaller to carry around. They were both very informative but in their own ways. They are very different and that is because they are aimed at different audiences.

Home Schooling :: Education Violence Essays

Home Schooling Home schooling is defined by Miriam Webster’s online dictionary as â€Å"to teach school subjects to one’s children at home.† (Miriam Webster online dictionary). Home schooling is becoming an increasingly popular for parents. Home schooling instructional styles can vary from home to home. â€Å"†¦from a daily routine following a scheduled curriculum to a child-led learning in which parents supervise and help.† (Educational Resources Information Center). Home schooling is often a hard choice to make and many things must be taken into account before making the decision. Many parents are afraid of school buildings. After Columbine, parents seem scared to let their child walk into a school building. Parents may also disagree with what is taught in their child’s classroom. Some want total autonomy over what their child is exposed to. According to a CBS news articles, â€Å" Parents feel that they can provide a better education at home, religious reasons, there is a poor learning environment at home, family reasons, and they feel that their children will develop character and morality (CBSnewsstories.com). Parents have the opportunity to teach their children what they feel should be taught. They can teach the morals that they believe in, the religious factions that they believe in, and what they feel are the important aspects of life. Also children have the autonomy to choose when and where they want to study. For example, a child could do English from 8:00-9:30, then do soccer from 9:30-10:30 and then finish the day doing work. The child is no t confined to a regimented 6-hour learning day and a 2-hour practice time. The child can make his/her own schedule and may even be more interested to do the work because he or she planned it out. â€Å"Children can learn about things they are interested in at a time in their lives when they are ready to learn. No preconceived schedule forces them ahead or holds them back. Vacations and outings can be planned for times when the family is ready, and often when the crowds are smaller and the costs lower.† (CBSnewsstories.com). Children who may be better in math than English have the opportunity to take a higher level math class while remaining in a lower level English class. This flexibility can help children to enjoy school more and let parents know that their child is on the right track in each subject area.

Starting a Business vs Franchise

Explain the differences of establishing a business from scratch and setting up a franchise. Evaluate the success of franchises in Australia (refer to examples). There are significant differences between establishing a new business and setting up a franchise. Starting a business from scratch often takes a long time and a large amount of capital to accomplish, but the rewards can be substantial. A franchise is a business that is licensed to trade under a recognised brand name for payment of a fee (e. g. McDonalds, 7-11, etc). A franchisee purchases the franchise from the franchisor and operates under their name while paying fees. The factors involved in choosing one of these two options differ considerably and include the amount of risk, cost, operations and reputation. Establishing a new business involves the highest amount of risk due to the entrepreneur being solely responsible for everything that occurs in the business. In addition, there is a significant threat of failure for any new business which can result in huge losses for the business owner. Without a previous business reputation, it may prove difficult for entrepreneurs to secure finance which in effect significantly limits their access to funds to pay for establishment costs. Starting a new business gives the owner greater control over all key decisions and operations, as a result allowing the owner to set up the business exactly how they wish. Establishing a reputation for a new business is a slow process since a customer base and marketing campaign needs to be developed to generate sufficient sales for the firm. As a result, a new business will experience a slow growth in profits and may not be able to achieve a high level of profits at the start. Setting up a franchise presents the lowest risk due to already being established and generally selling widely recognised products. The costs associated in purchasing a franchise vary significantly depending on a number of factors such as type and size. Due to the general success of a franchise, it is much easier for a franchisee to obtain finance. However, franchisees must pay ongoing costs such as royalties to the franchisor which may lead to a reduction in overall profits. Setting up a franchise heavily restricts the owners control over business operations which prevents them from making their own decisions. This is due to the fact that the franchisor has total control over the business operations and ultimately determines how the owner runs the franchise. It is also much easier for a franchisee to generate sales due to the widely established reputation of the franchise and the products sold may already be advertised and marketed by the franchisor. Most franchises have been extremely successful in Australia and have become the fastest growing area of small business – in 2004 there were approximately 850 franchise operations in Australia. Franchises such as Gloria Jeans and Jims Mowing have grown tremendously in the past few years – between 1999 and 2004, the number of franchises grew by 25%. This is due to the effective business formula, well-recognised name and established trademarks of franchises which have attracted numerous investors in Australia. Another reason regarding the enormous of franchises in Australia is the fact that most of them offer comprehensive training and support to franchisees. For example, McDonald’s provide franchisees with uniforms, staff training packages, the ingredients and equipment for production and conducts extensive advertising on their behalf. As the success of franchises continues to grow in Australia, it is becoming an attractive option for many potential entrepreneurs in starting a business.

Chicago public schools

Although the ex president George Bush said popular quote† No child left behind†, hat is happening in the Chicago Public schools is exactly the opposite. Even if every kid is given the opportunity to go to school some are being given a better education. This essay will argue that the kids that are not getting a good education are the ones that according to Jean Anyone, a professor of education policy at the university of New York, come from a † blue collar family (Anyone 169).The schools that are In wealthy communities are better than those that are In the poor communities because they are given a better education and they live in a safer learning environment. The schools that are in wealthy communities are better than those that are in the poor communities because they have better teaching methods and resources (Anyone 172). In the essay † From Social Class and the Hidden Curriculum of Work, † by Jean Anyone, he describes the deference between a † working- class school† and an † executive elite school†.The working-class school consists of parents that have blue- collar Jobs such as, factory workers, pipe welders, and malignant workers (Anyone 170). These Jobs do not require much skill other than following orders given by their employers. Students that attend this type of school are taught to follow the steps of procedures without any decision making because they are being tracked to follow the footsteps of their parents (Anyone 169).For example from the essay † Class in America† by Gregory Manumits, the profile of Cheryl Mitchell shows that she went to a large public school that was patrolled by security guards in Brooklyn, New York (Mantis 309). She was taught basic skills and was conveyed the importance of doing everything under someone else's orders. Her parents both worked blue collard Jobs ND she is currently working as a nurse's aide, which puts her in that same category as them (Mantis 309 ). Her ambition as a little girl was to become a teacher and now her ambition at the age of 38 is † to get out of the ghetto†.On the opposing side an executive elite school Is one that primarily consists of parents that are top executives such as vice-presidents, governors, industrialist, and mayors (Anyone 172). These types of schools require the students to work on their analytical Intellectual powers and to always ask for reasoning through a problem. This Is because these students are eyeing prepared to live a successful life were they too will become apart of the 0. 1 annually (Mantis 303). In the profile of Harold S.Browning, it shows that he went to an exclusive private school in Manhattan, New York. There he was given the finest educational preparation so he could become an owner of a business (Mantis 307). At age 38 he is the owner of his fathers company and living a luxurious life as a † leader in business† (Mantis 307). The comparison between the ed ucation of a child with parents from a blue collard Job and those with white collard Jobs goes to show hat all children are not getting the same education because of their family background.However many of the children that attend working class schools face many challenges that also affect their learning environment because of the neighborhoods that they live in. In the article † His Kind of Town†, by Von Dredge, the mayor of Chicago, Ram Emmanuel spent much of his childhood in a † prosperous† north shore suburb with his wife and three kids that are attending the finest private schools in Chicago. In the article † Update: Chicago School War† by Rob Bartlett , children that got their schools loses down by him live on the west and south side of the city in neighborhoods with high poverty and crime rates.The population of these areas of Chicago consists mainly of Hispanics and Blacks with blue collard Jobs (Bartlett). Most of Chicago homicides took p lace in the west and south side areas in 2012, were there is a high poverty rate ( Dredge). Also the murder rate in Chicago was the highest of the three largest U. S. Cities ( Dredge). From murders per every 100,000 residents, Chicago stood at 18. 6 percent. This left Los Angels and New York City behind with below 8 percent. The offenders were from 1 5 to 24 years old, 77% were black, 20% were Hispanic, and 3% were white (Dredge).Out of the 506 murders that took place in Chicago, 82% were shootings did not occur on the north side ( Dredge). This goes to show how dangerous it is to live in these areas of Chicago, however these children have no choice because it is all that their parents can afford. With the Mayor closing down their schools around their homes, children are now being forced to transfer to other schools, which puts them in greater risk of violence because they have to pass gang mandarins (Bartlett). However, one would hope that these children are only being sent to thes e schools to better their education.The reality of the matter is that they are being welcomed by schools that have similar teaching methods, testing scores, and with not enough resources (Bartlett). From the book Savage Inequalities by Jonathan Kola, a child's education that comes from a low-income family in the inner cities, like Chicago, is unequal to those that come from a richer family that is further out from Chicago. School funding in 988 to 1989 school year showed that the Niles Township High School was spending 9,371 dollars per student (Kola 236).However in the Chicago inner cities, students are being funded 5,265 dollars and that's on an average of all grade levels (Kola 236). The difference is more than four thousand dollars and it shows not only the lack of materials in the schools, but also the lack of proficient teachers. Textbooks that are needed in certain classes are not always used or are out of date because the school cannot afford to buy new ones (Kola 51). Since some of these schools can't afford the road for the students to copy into their notebooks (Anyone 174).Most of the teachers in the Chicago inner city schools are over the age of 60 ( Kola 51). This is because the salary that is offered to the young teachers is too low to keep them working there. Some of the older teachers don't show up to teach because they lack excitement for the subjects that they are teaching and ultimately because they are not getting paid enough (Kola 52). When they are asked why, they simply reply, † It makes no difference. Kids like these aren't going anywhere. The city thinks it's saving money on he substitutes.I tell them, Pay now or pay later. â€Å"(Koala 52) So the city relies on low paid substitutes that represent more than 25% of the teaching force (Kola 51). A 15 year old student from Du Sable high school, that is located on the south side of Chicago, says that he has been in a class a whole semester and the school still has not found a teache r for them ( Kola 52). Some high schools in the south side of Chicago even have two or three † study halls† where not much studying goes on (Kola 53). This is because the schools save the cost of teachers by doing this.Many f the classroom sizes are 30 to 36 students per room and the question is, â€Å"how could a teacher accommodate all of these students (Bartlett)? † Well they can't, the teachers risk the chance of having a child fall behind if they don't understand. The teachers also have little or no one on one time with the students. Even if these events in this book took place mostly from 1988 to 1990, it shows that Chicago public schools have been falling apart a long time ago and as Kola puts it, † the rich get a richer quality of education while the poor get less real education (Koala 54).However in the recent years a new type of school has been introduced that would give parents a third choice to decide from, these are called Charter Schools. There is no real solution to the problem that is going on in the Chicago public schools but there now exists another choice for parents that don't want their children to attend a public school nor private if they can't afford it. According to an article from the Chicago Tribune, † Voice of the People,† charter schools are schools that operate similar to a private school however they operate with public money.These schools et their own curriculum, teaching methods and selection of students that get into the school. It is said in the same article that † The Thirst for Charter Schools† is growing every year more (Voice of the people). In 1996, the first charter school opened in Chicago and now there is 132 campuses operating under 58 charters (The thirst for charter schools). The president of the Illinois Network of Charter Schools, Andrew Brow, says that there are 19,000 students waiting for a charter school slot to open and currently 2. Million students are attendi ng a charter school (The thirst for harder schools). However, Just because there is now a third choice to choose from for parents and there children, it does not erase the solid fact that America has to first fix their public schools and neighborhoods with high poverty rates in order to have victory with the charter schools. This is because if in the later future charter schools continue to grow and take over public schools, then slowly they too will start to fail, since it was a problem that was never truly resolved from the core of the problem.The history of the battle over the Chicago public schools is a problem that has entry because of the numerous schools that were closed in the Chicago south and west areas (Bartlett). These footsteps however, are being followed by other states and the problem over who is getting a better education is occurring all over America. There will always be a producer and a consumer Just like their will always be rich and poor people (Anyone 169). Unf ortunately, in America if a child's parents have blue collard Jobs and live in an area with violence and high poverty rates than they have little chance of getting the best education they could receive.When George Bush said† no child left behind†, he forgot to add, † If you have the money to stay ahead†. Work Cited Anyone, Jean. † From Social Class and the Hidden Curriculum of Work† Rereading America: De. Gary Colombo, Robert Culled, and Bonnie Lisle. Boston: Bedford of SST. Martin's, 2010. 169-185. Print I decided to use this source because it had many connections to the problem with why some kids are getting better education than other. Bartlett, Rob. † Update: Chicago School War† Against the Current 28. 3(2013): 6 Academic Search complete. Web. 22 April.

Islamic banking sector

Islamic banking sector Abstract Dubai, in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), has a vibrant Islamic banking sector. The region has over 50 banks with upwards of 40 foreign banks office representatives. Largely oil revenues fuel the United Arab Emirates economy, which serves as an enhancement for profitability of these banks.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Islamic banking sector specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The key aspects of the Islamic banks in the region are the profit and loss sharing, transparent dealing, lack of interest, lack of speculation and no gambling. The banks also do not deal with unethical business and have just policies of employment. Dubai bank is the example used to support the Islamic bank concept in the Middle East. Many previous works have been undertaken in this field with no clear-cut research on its drawbacks. This document aims to support research on the customer perspective of the benefits and loops of the Isl amic banking concept. Customers of the Islamic banks weigh various options while considering the services offered. The banks are non-remunerative with extra returns for depositors of deposit accounts. There is greater risk in adjusted returns for customers who invest in Islamic banks indices. This study aims to characterize the problems endured by the Islamic banks and together with their customers. Secondary data studies were used as customer sample from Dubai bank. Findings will indicate the problems encountered by the Islamic banks. The study will look into the legal system, political issues, risks, low profitability, loans, lending rates, management and limited transparency. The quality of service that is offered and client problems will also be looked into. Introduction Background Information The new millennia brought in new features and changes in the banking industry key of them being banking systems. The tremendous changes in the industry can be linked to the need for better customer friendly service.Advertising Looking for proposal on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These custom-made changes were to aligned to maintain completion with other institutions in the same field and keep up with economic and political developments globally. The Islamic banks were developed due to religious requirements; hence, the competitive edge in the global field was edged out. The Islamic banks cannot compete globally and are ranked poorly out of the top hundred brackets. It is inevitable for the Islamic banking industry to explore future limits for a clearer vision to predict challenges obstacles and effective counter measures. Most of these banks operate well in specific environments. It is estimated that Islamic banking systems manage over US$ 250 billion with clientele around the world. Their client base is not restricted to Muslim countries but is spread well over Europe. The Isl amic banking system continues to grow tremendously. There are more than 260 worldwide Islam financial institutions in operation. Dubai Islamic Bank is the first fully-fledged Islamic bank. It has combined the best Islamic values and their traditional values as well. This is coupled with advanced technology and innovations of modern banking at its best. Dubai Islamic Bank was formed in 1975 and is established as a leader in the field of Islamic banking. The trend of Islamic banking is on the rise in the Arab world, and the Dubai Bank is a front-runner for others. Islamic banking is the fastest-growing economic agent in the world that comprises of many institutions with billions of dollars in assets under management. The role of Dubai Islamic Bank is impressive and the bank is true to its clients and roots. It is religiously and customer-centered institution with personal service and understanding. Significance of the study This study is vital for it will create information on the Isl amic bank clients’ reaction towards the Islamic institutions system of banking. The main consideration is the prohibiting of interest generation as per Islamic laws. The study is also aimed to provide more information on client benefits in the Islamic system compared to those in conventional systems of banking.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Islamic banking sector specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The benefits of the Islamic banking system are also subject to customer satisfaction, therefore, it is vital that the customers opinion on this area be viewed which the study aims to do. The study aims to make contributions, based on client responses, to socio-economic grasp on the Islamic banking systems and assist the clients make decisions on which system comprehensive choice in conventional systems of banking or Islamic systems of banking. Problem Statement The key aspects of the Islamic systems of banking in the region are the profit and loss sharing, transparent dealing, lack of interest, lack of speculation and no gambling. The banks also do not deal with unethical business and have just policies of employment Dubai bank is the example used to support the Islamic bank concept in the Middle East. Many previous works have been undertaken in this field with no clear-cut research on its drawbacks. This document aims to support research on the customer perspective of the benefits and loops of the Islamic banking concept. Customers of the Islamic banks weigh various options while considering the services offered. The banks are non-remunerative with extra returns for depositors of deposit accounts. There is greater risk in adjusted returns for customers who invest in Islamic banks indices. The findings of the study will aim to assist clients and potential clients make a clear decision on the banking systems. The Islamic banks are flourishing due to demand rather than supply. Therefore, thei r customer feedback will give a clear picture of customer satisfaction. This will assist it attaining indicator from the banks growth. Sharia laws have been enforced in many Arab nations and its teachings and laws propel more and more Muslims to be clients of the Islamic banking systems. This can be seen as the driving factor to the banks development.Advertising Looking for proposal on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This will therefore, mean that the banks are profiting from a client base that dejects it. The faith based concept of the Islamic banking system drives of many potential non-Muslim clients. The fact that religious wars in Islam have caused many grievances to the rest of the society, many perceive association of the banks with funding of unjustified holy wars. The concept of behind running the Islamic banks is a key indicator of the clients’ belief in the system. If the clients do not comprehend the working of the system, they will feel oppressed in that their money does not earn interest and yet the banks gain from their deposits. Policies of customer assistance in Islamic products will seek to address their reaction towards the Islamic system and the understanding of its functionality. Objective of the Study The general objective of this comprehensive study is to examine the customer awareness of Islamic systems of banking; this will look into their reaction of the performan ce and profit-and-loss sharing and recommendations for improvement generated. Specific Objectives To understand the customer reaction towards the Islam banking system To create recommendations of Islamic banking improvement based of the client feedback Hypotheses What are the customers’ views on Islamic banking system? In which way do the Islamic banking clients want their banking institution to change? Literature Review Islamic banking uses the principle of moneys not earning interest (Duncan 97). This ban is based upon Islamic ruling called Shariah. Since Muslims are not allowed to gain or pay interest, they are cannot conduct business with many conventional banks. To service the Muslim market, Islamic institutions of banking developed a wide range of financing instruments that do not gain interest (halal). The halal conforms to the Shariah ruling and is acceptable to the Muslim fraternity. Many Arabians before Islam, and later in Islam practiced this interest-free conc ept. For centuries, the banking system was used on a small scale, in the early 1970’s its commercial application started being used in the public domain. From this time, the concept has become a worldwide phenomenon. The concept has succeeded in many Islam countries, hence, the study on customer opinion and recommendations on growth. The lack of awareness of the key principle is the main point behind the constricted growth. The system would have achieved worldwide success amongst non Muslim and Muslims if the principles were highlighted clearly to impending clients. The religious concept has kept constricting the growth of the institution. Several surveys have been undertaken in the area to assist researchers understand the attitudes towards Islamic banking systems (Gafoor 69). These researches provide useful background information in the area of study. Most of these researches show that the client would generally be accepting of the Islamic banking systems if they were educa ted on their policies. Better understanding of their policies would establish a good relationship between clients and the organization. Ghannadian (41) conducted a study on perceptions customers toward Islamic banking in Malaysia. Many respondents proclaimed the main reasons for Islamic banking selection are based equally on economic considerations and religion. Majority of the clients also found the marketing of the product to be vague. The media has also errantly portrayed the Islamic banking concept. The international media perception of the Islamic banking system is hostile and undermining according to Arab news chief editor. Despite this fact, many respondents of that study believed that the industry had grown tremendously. Ghannadian (32) put forward that Islamic banking organizations should tremendously improve their services for customers satisfaction in their wants and requirements. In another study, quality of service is portrayed to be very important as an indicator for c ustomer understanding and customer satisfaction. Quality service delivery as per to customers expectations is vital. Gounaris (64) looked into the quality of service in the banking industry in greece and found an alternating influence per dimension of quality of service to the customer satisfaction. To retain the long-term customers and maintain an edge in the market service quality, it is vital and the key differentiation. In the financial sector, understanding customer’s expectations and needs is essential as a prerequisite. In Dubai, customer perception of quality of service is significantly different from conventional banks in the Islamic banking system. There are four dimensions reflected when comparing the Islamic banking systems and conventional system of banking. The values, image, reliability and personal skills are significant for the running of the conventional banking system. On the other hand, only value and skills are important in the Islamic banking system. Bet ter service delivery will in turn generate a lot o satisfied clients and consequent growth of the organization and its concepts. There were investigations by Boyd on selection criteria used by the institution. He based the ideas on demography and found many differences in quality of service and demography. In Muslim countries, males are made to do the financial obligations. Methodology There is a requirement for convincing evidence base to carry out this study. The evidence will guide the general process that generates the document. This process will use information sources extensively utilizing both traditional and other sources. It will make sure that adequate resources and information on Islamic banking systems is sort from a large collection of literature on the subject matter. To gain the objectives targeted, a process will be put in place that fast tracks attainment materials. These processes will be interlinked, for efficiently generated information. The process will involve both quantitative methods and qualitative methods for the generation of information. The qualitative methods will entail Methods used quantitatively will entail the following: Desk reviews of important data and previously complied reports available to gain a variety of aspects to be analyzed. No Main Objective Approaches for methodology 1 Undertake a critical, elaborate and comprehensive analysis of the present customer opinions on Islamic banking system Desk review and analysis of available data Literature reviews 2 Develop key recommendations on issues affecting Islamic banking systems Literature review The process will need consideration before hand of data available and more information on the Islamic banks to assess their quality, efficiency and effectiveness. Study Design This will be a descriptive study. It will also contain cross-sectional study to determine the opinions of customers on Islamic banking systems. The study targets customers of Dubai bank in the Unite d Arab Emirates. The Study Population The study will target a general cross-section of customers of the Islamic banks. This is to attain first hand information from the situation experienced by customers of these banks. A specific target population of customers of the Islamic bank of Dubai will be used. Sample size Determination There will be a sample size of 500 Islamic bank customers.The sample size will be determined using Fisher et al, (1999) formula, i.e. n =Z ²*pq/d ². Where n is the needed sample size, z is the normal standard deviate which is given as a constant of 3.24 which corresponds to 99% confidence interval, p is percentage of targetable customers. This gives a prevalence of 45% d is the degree of accuracy, and q is given as (1-p) which is 1-0.45=0.55 The sample size will be based on the precision (p- value = 0.45), and so n= {(3.24) ²*0.045*0.55}/ 0.05 ² n= 380 The sample size is increased to 600 in order to account for potential missing clients, refusals, an d spoilt questionnaires. (5% of 380) Data collection instruments The study will utilize highly structured interviewer administered questionnaires will be used. The tool will be subdivided into sections. It will be written both in multiple languages including Arabic and English. Pre-Testing of Tools The data collection tool will be pre-tested in selected areas in to assess its effectiveness and the feedback from the pre-test will be used to make the necessary adjustments on the tool. Training of Research Assistants To ensure quality data is collected, the researcher will recruit exceptionally qualified local enumerators. They will be trained for 4 days to attain certain skills and knowledge required to enable them produces results. They will be made familiar with interview conditions and variables being studied. They will be taken through interview schedules, question by question and they will be shown how to conduct interviews. Data Analysis Different analytical techniques will be u sed. The analysis on the awareness level on cervical cancer among women will be analysed using percentages. This approach has been used to explain the determinants of customer relations in Islamic banks in India. Relationships between categories of variables will be analysed using the Chi-square test. Chi-square testing has been used to explain relationship of determinants of willingness to go for screening for breast cancer among women in United Kingdom (Bose 68). The data analysis was both manual and electronic. The initial exercise of the data analysis started with the harmonization of dummy tables required to guide on the variables for electronic manipulation. Frequencies of identified variables were run in SPSS some of which were exported to Microsoft Excel for generation of graphs and charts. Various variables were also summarized manually in tables to assist in the analysis. Data Computerization and Verification I entered the data. Data was entered into Key Informant Questio nnaire (KHI) files. Quality control was conducted by systematic checking for outliers, coding errors, and impossible results. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was used for data analysis. Data cleaning At the end, of the data collection Manual data cleaning of questionnaires’ conducted. All queries and concerns were harmonized to ensure uniformity as prepared to develop the data entry screen. Data entry screen Data entry and manipulation was to be done in the Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS). The screen merged and harmonized into one Master sheet. Data entry Data entry was conducted. All the entered data was merged into one data set Master sheet. Ethical Considerations The research will be presented to Universities administration for clearance and approval. The document will be presented to other interested stakeholders. Participants in the research will be required to consent to participate. The purpose and objectives of the study, assurance of confidentiality and voluntary participation, anonymity, perceived benefits and possible risks before participating in the study will be explained to them. The participation will be voluntary. Dissemination Plan The result will be disseminated to the University and required Islamic banks institution. Further dissemination shall be through seminar presentations, workshops and report prints Limitations, delimitations and assumptions Assumptions For the project, the researcher assumes that the participants of his survey differ in attitude, experiences and perceptions. Other assumptions are that the participants understand the purpose of the survey and they respond accurately and honestly to the survey. Delimitations The study delimits to a specific banking institution. The customers come from one institution for easier control of participants. Bose, McGee. Islamic Investment: Risks and Returns. New York: Cengage Learning, 2008. Print. Duncan, Edmund. Efficiency, customer service an d financial performance. Dhabi: Inter. J. Bank Mark, 2004). Print. Gafoor , Michael. Commercial Banking Interest-Free. Washington: Noordeen, 2006. print. Ghannadian , Fred. Economy banking development: Islamic banks. New York: Sage, 2004. Print. Gounaris Seth. Service quality: Islamic Banking. New York: Routlegde, 2006. Print.

Health Hazards of Barbecue Carcinogens

Health Hazards of Barbecue Carcinogens One of the best parts of summer, in my opinion, is barbecue. See that marshmallow? Its perfect. Brown all the way around, gooey all the way to the center. You know it will melt in your mouth. I didnt take the photo. Thats because my marshmallows inevitably burst into flame and end as cinders with cold, white centers. I imagine either type of toasted marshmallow contributes to your cancer risk. So does anything charred, like seared steak or hamburgers from the grill or even burnt toast. The carcinogen (cancer-causing agent) is mainly benzo[a]pyrene, though other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heterocyclic amines (HCAs) are present and can cause cancer, too. PAHs are in smoke from incomplete combustion, so if you can taste smoke on your food, expect it contains those chemicals. Most of the PAHs are associated with smoke or char, so you can scrape them off your food and reduce your risk from them (though that kind of defeats the point of a toasted marshmallow). HCAs, on the other hand, are produced by a chemical reaction between meat and high or prolonged heat. Youll find these chemicals in fried meat as well as barbecue. You cant cut or scrape away this class of carcinogens, but you can limit the amount that is produced by cooking your meat just until its done, not blackening it into oblivion. Just how dangerous are these chemicals? The truth is, its very hard to quantify the risk. There is no established this amount will cause cancer limit because the genetic damage that leads to cancer is complex and affected by many other factors. For example, if you drink alcohol with your char, you further increase your risk, since alcohol, though it doesnt cause cancer, acts as a promoter. This means it increases the likelihood a carcinogen will be able to induce cancer. Similarly, other foods may lessen your risk. What is known is that PAHs and HCAs definitively cause cancer in humans, but they are also a part of everyday life, so your body has mechanisms for detoxifying them. What you want to do is try to limit your exposure. I guess that means you should take the time to toast the perfect marshmallow rather than go for the quick sugary fireball, but thats just so hard... You can also try to  eat your greens to help cure cancer and learn about  the most poisonous chemicals.

Discussion post Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

Discussion post - Essay Example Other tests include renal ultrasonography, intravenous pyelography and computed tomography. Most genitourinary complications are treated with a combination of antibiotics. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ampicillin, cephalosporils nitrofurantoin and fluoroquinolones are some antibiotics prescribed for genitourinary infections (Buttaro et al., 2013). I agree with Regina Canty, that a diagnosis of urinary tract infections requires a detailed medical history of the patient backed with evidence from the objective tests. Symptoms of urinary tract infections include dysuria, lower abdominal fullness or pain and increased frequency of urination (Buttaro et al., 2013). The urinary tract can be treated effectively using antibiotics such as quinolones. It has been previously suggested that cranberry juice can be used to prevent urinary tract infections. However, research shows that cranberry juice is not an effective remedy for urinary tract infections (Barbosa-Cesnik et al., 2011). A non-pharmacological approach would be to increase the patient’s intake of vitamins and trace elements to boost her immunity against the bacterial infections (Welch & Graham, 2012). Barbosa-Cesnik, C., Brown, M. B., Buxton, M., Zhang, L., DeBusscher, J., & Foxman, B. (2011). Cranberry juice fails to prevent recurrent urinary tract infection: results from a randomized placebo-controlled trial.  Clinical infectious diseases,  52(1),

Common Law Tort Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Common Law Tort - Essay Example Fairness (natural justice) was restored to common law by the caselaw of Ridge vs. Baldwin3. (W)hat the requirements of fairness demand from any body, domestic or administrative or judicial, has to make a decision which will affect the rights of individuals depends on the character of the decision making body, the kind of decision it has to make and the statutory or other framework in which it operates.4 Negligence, definition and elements. At common law, there is liability for damage caused by unintentional but negligent acts or omissions. "Negligence is the omission to do something which a reasonable man, guided upon those considerations which ordinarily regulate the conduct of human affairs, would do, or doing something which a prudent and reasonable man would not do."6 In strict legal analysis, negligence means more than heedless or careless conduct, whether in omission or commission; it properly connotes the complex concept of duty, breach and damage thereby suffered by the person to whom the duty was owing. (1934)7 According to Denning L.J.11, all the elements are really the same thing. What is being required by court as a matter of social policy is risk because when P is injured because of risk created by D, the latter (D) ought to be required by law to compensate the injured party (P). In effect, duty, proximate cause and remoteness continually run into each other; they are simply ways of looking at the same thing. Two of the elements are factual, namely cause - in - fact and damage, while duty of care, standard of care and remoteness are questions of law. Causa Sine Qua Non. Upon P is laid the burden of establishing each and every element in the required quantum of evidence. P is required to prove that the breach of which he complains caused the damage for which he claims12 and he does so by proving that "but for" the breach of duty he would not have suffered the damage. He must prove such causation in both factual and legal aspects. The determination of factual causation comes before that of legal causation. The causal connection between the act or omission constituting the breach of duty and the damage as a fact must be proven to exist and the "But For" test determines and establishes that an event constituting the negligence and another constituting the damage are in fact linked. In multiple possible causes, the claimant must prove that the defendant's breach of duty caused

Nike's Global Marketing Strategy Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Nike's Global Marketing Strategy - Term Paper Example It can be said that the rise of internet and high speed data connectivity and transmission services in various parts of the world has led to the rise of multinational corporations, who achieve significant rate of growth in the business by entering new and foreign markets in emerging as well as established economies around the world. Talking in these lines, it can be said that the rise of connectivity power has led to the significant amount of power transfer to consumers around the world, who increasingly look for high product quality as well as the ability to purchase highly branded products. This provided a significant amount of opportunity for Nike, a company with global presence and a series of branded product categories, whose demands are felt all over the world from various emerging as well as well developed markets. Nike, Inc. which has a significant number of business subsidiaries in various parts of the world is engaged in the processes of designing, development, marketing as well as sales of the product. The product portfolio of the company comprises of shoes, apparels, accessories and gear, as well as a host of highly innovative products which are mainly aimed at increasing the level of physical activity of human being, while providing the motivation to compete with others on the basis of their levels of activity. The product portfolio is targeted towards the individuals of various age groups and hence, the products are catered to the multiple segments comprising of men, women and kids. The product portfolio also serves the needs and demands of sports, clothing and gear related accessories for a variety of sports comprising of basketball, football, soccer. The product offerings of the company also include the requirements of running and training activities and requirements separately for both men’s and women’s (Nike.com, 2012). The company because of its apparel and footwear related accessories, falls under the sector of consumer goods. Talking in terms of global presence of the company, it can be said that the company has presence in all major markets around the world that comprises of the markets like Asia, American, Europe, Africa, etc. On an overall note, it can be said that the company has footprints in 170 countries, around the world (Investorguide.com, 2011) Talking about the market dominance, it can be said that the company is the largest manufacturers of sports goods, and accessories around the world. The company is also the one of the major sponsors for various sporting tournaments around the world. It can also be highlighted that the brand has multiple associations with various reputed sporting agencies around the world and because of that are often recognized as the official sponsors of advertising for various large scale major tournaments. It also needs to be mentioned that in the most recent times, the company’s brand image Nike is ranked at number 44, as per a study conducted WPP, which aimed to identify the top 100 brands of 2012 all over the world (WPP, 2012). Strategic Analysis of the Past Strategies are outlined by the companies of all sizes and dimensions in an attempt to cater to their target market as well as the target audience by the process of offering of their customized or specific products and services through effective s egmentation, targeting and positioning of the consumers as well as designing a highly effective marketing

Social Class and Education Essay

Social Class and Education Essay Education is a significant institution in our society as it serves to fulfil many functions and provide opportunities for children. One important role that education plays is carrying out the process of secondary socialization where the education system teaches children the norms and values of society in a way that the family cannot. Education performs certain functions such as providing children with skills needed for work, learning about religious and moral beliefs, national languages and also about the history of the nation. Therefore it can be seen that education performs an important role in childrens lives by socializing them into the future members of society and teaching them about the values of success and achievement which enables them to be open to many opportunities in society (Fulcher Scott, 2007). However education combined with social class can create inequalities for children in their lives and this study of inequality within education remains a key area of study in the sociology of education and is also of great importance in shaping educational policies in Britain. Research has shown that inequalities in the education system do still exist in Britain where it has been shown that the higher a persons social class the higher the levels of achievement an individual is more likely to achieve. It is these types of findings which have led to a large array of study about educational inequalities and why they still persist in Britains education system. These inequalities can affect children from lower classes and their life chances through a variety of ways such as through micro and macro causes in society which will be analysed in turn (Haralambos Holborn, 2007) Macro Causes We will first look at the various macro causes in the wider structures of society which causes educational inequalities for children. These include material deprivation. 1. Material Deprivation This theory highlights the importance of material goods and resources needed for educational achievement. Material deprivation has been defined as including ‘poverty, overcrowding, ill health in parents,child neglect and lack of basic amenities in the home and neighbourhood (Silver,1980,p40). It is these factors which seem to affect children from working class backgrounds due to low incomes in the family which prevents them from achieving at school as they lack the basic resources such as books, correct diet and study space in the home needed to succeed in their studies. Also as many of these lower working class families are seen to be in poverty as evidence shows that a high percentage of children participate in part time employment after school hours to improve their situation at home and to relieve some of the financial pressure off their parents . This leads to children aiming to cope with earning money through paid work but also finding the time to study for their school w ork and gain qualifications (Heaton Lawson,1996). Furthermore Halsey Heath and Ridge (1980)examined reasons for inequalities existing in education for the working class and found that middle class children were more likely to go to school and continue on to higher education than the working class and this was partly due to lack of money and income in these households causing differential educational achievement compared to children from affluent backgrounds. However they did argue that material factors was not the only primary factor causing underachievement as children from materially deprived backgrounds have succeeded, they believed that cultural factors such as parental attitudes and encouragement played a key role in childrens educational attainment at school ( Abercombie, Warde Deem,2001). We will now look at how cultural factors can have an impact in creating inequalities for children. 2. Cultural Deprivation Cultural deprivation has been defined ‘as a situation in which parents provide a child with little in the way of linguistic stimulation and take minimal interest in their education and when they have limited opportunity for play or other experiences which are helpful to their intellectual development- in short when their environment is barren and unstimulating ( Silver,1980,p40). This theory recognises that instead of material factors causing inequalities it is the cultural factors in fact that causes working class children to perform differently in schools compared to their middle class peers. It is argued that working class children are disadvantaged because working class subculture fails to transmit the correct norms, values and skills needed for high achievement in education (Fulcher Scott,2007,p323). Also low value is placed is placed on educational achievement and working class subculture focuses on immediate gratification where they are encouraged to leave school early and earn money rather than opting for deferred gratification which middle class adopt where education is seen as a path for success later on in life where they can enjoy the benefits of having a high paid job and high statuses (Henslin, 1996,p 190). J W B Douglas study of ‘ The home and the school (1962) supports the cultural deprivation theory. Douglas conducted a longitudinal study in 1962 of 5,362 British children and followed their educational careers up to the age of 16. He divided the students into different social class groupings and found that there was different variations in educational achievement between students who had similar academic ability but came from different social classes. He found that within the ‘high ability group the majority of the lower working class children left school in the fifth year compared to only 10 percent from the upper middle class. Douglas argued that the single most important factor causing these differences in achievement between middle and working class children is the level of parental interest and encouragement for their childrens education. He argues that working class parents showed little interest in childrens progress at school whereas middleclass parents encouraged children to do well at school, continue in further education and also paid more attention to their childrens progress through frequent meeting s with teachers. However overall although we can see that parental interest can effect childrens attainment it cannot be viewed as the only factor in explaining class differences in educational achievement. Blackstone Mortimore (1994) argued that working class parents were unable to attend parents meetings due to demands of their manual jobs and also working class parents try to encourage their children in education but they lack the certain social skills that middle class parents occupy in order for their children to gain advantages from the school system. So therefore it is important to note that many other factors play a role in creating inequalities for working class children and also that many culturally deprived behaviours could also be due to a lack of money (Haralambos Holborn, 2006, p737-739).

Biotechnology :: essays research papers

#1. a)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Use of a Bacterial Plasmid to Clone and Sequence a Human Gene The process begins with restriction endonucleases scanning and binding to double-stranded DNA at specific base-pair sequences, the recognition sites, in a predictable manner. The restriction sites are usually 4 to 8 base pairs long and are characterized by the palindromic sequences, with both strands having the same sequence when read in opposite direction. After the restriction endonuclease binds, it starts to disrupt, using hydrolysis, the phosphodiester bonds between neighbor nucleotides, causing the H-bonds between base pairs in the cutting region to be broken. This cuts the original double-stranded DNA strand, producing two DNA fragments, which may differ for different restriction endonucleases, depending on where the phosphodiester bond is broken when cut by the endonuclease. This process can produce either blunt ends (where ends of the DNA fragment are fully paired with no overhangs), or sticky ends (where both DNA fragments have nucleotides lacking complementary bases and ove rhangs are produced). However, sticky ends are more useful for genetic engineering. The next step, gel electrophoresis, separates the gene that has been excised, from the unwanted fragments taking advantage of chemical and physical properties of DNA. The DNA fragments travel through gel as a result of charge passed through it causing the longer fragments to separate from shorter ones, which helps in identifying gene and makes it easier to cut it out from the gel. The DNA fragment with the desired gene is, therefore, excised and purified. The same restriction endonuclease, that is used to cut the original DNA strand, then splices this gene into a plasmid (small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria). Because the plasmid and the foreign gene are cut by the same restriction endonuclease, the sticky ends formed, are complementary and anneal to each other forming H-bonds. The DNA ligase reforms the phosphodiester bonds, after which, the recombinant plasmid with the foreign DNA, is in troduced into the bacterial cell, in the process of transformation, and replicates to form clones (exact copies of itself). Overall, this technique of altering sequence of DNA molecules became very useful for many reasons, one of which is production of hormones. Hormones such as insulin and somatropin, were produced by inserting a gene into a plasmid, and became essential hormones in medical practice. In this process, the needed human genes were incorporated into plasmids and activated or inactivated when needed, using specific inducers for promoter regions.

Knowledge Management in the Pharmaceutical Industry Essay

The study of Knowledge Management is a process that has been researched for centuries by western philosophers and traditional theorists, however it is only until recently that knowledge management has been the main focus for many organisations. Many have said that it was the publishing of Karl Wiig’s, â€Å"knowledge management foundations† (1993), that sparked the huge interest in knowledge management and nearly two decades on KM is now considered as an essential tool for companies to improve their performance and adaptability. 1] Not only this but the concept of knowledge has been regarded as a businesses most precious asset and highly critical in keeping a firm competitive. [2] This study will look at the knowledge management of one of the most Knowledge intensive industries in the world, the pharmaceutical industry, looking at, comparing and criticising the different strategies that are used within the industry. The pharmaceutical industry is rapidly growing and rap idly evolving , with organisations constantly investing in their research and development departments for the development of new and valuable explicit information. In 2007 â‚ ¬6,525 million was spent on R+D in the UK for the pharmaceutical market, showing that firms invest large sums of money in this knowledge intensive industry. [3] Pharmacy as an enterprise system The Pharmaceutical Industry is sort of like a â€Å"community of practice† (CoP) where all the organisations share a common interest in medicine, working together to promote the acquisition and sharing of knowledge, with a common goal of providing the â€Å"best practice† for the public. [4] It is clear that the industry is heavily dependent on using IT in storing and accessing information. Since the introduction web 2. 0 there has been a rapid increase in the use of enterprise systems across the industry. An enterprise system allows for data to be identified, captured and embedded in software to be accessed by all organisations within the industry. [5] A clear example of this comes from a professional body called the department of health, this body stores explicit data on the internet in a PDF called the â€Å"green book†, this can be accessed by any member of the public, as well as any organisation. The book provides the latest information on vaccines and vaccination procedures for all vaccine preventable diseases. [6] Not only is the book accessible via the web but also a hard copy of the book has been distributed to immunisation health professionals around the country, making it very easy for any pharmacy to find the information it needs. What makes this store of information so reliable and valuable to organisations is that it updates itself with new editions from information shared between different pharmacists, adding new vaccines etc. This type of knowledge management system is effective for this industry and can be better explained using Dalkir’s knowledge management cycle: [7] As it shows, knowledge is captured by different organisations through the use of research and development, this knowledge is then assessed and shared with organisations and pharmacies all over the country via the use of the â€Å"green book†. Pharmacy’s then use this knowledge to purchase the right medicine and vaccinations to sell to the public. The update part of the life cycle comes in the introduction of new editions brining new information. There is a sense of a â€Å"mini community† within this management system, where the role of culture is valued quite highly as a knowledge sharing environment is created and designed so firms and organisations can share their information. [8] However one of the main drawbacks that comes with this knowledge management system is that it does hinder competitiveness. Larry Prusak (1996) said â€Å"The only thing that gives an organization a competitive edge – the only thing that is sustainable – is what it knows, how it uses what it knows, & how fast it can know something new! † [9] The introduction of the green book meant every pharmacy in Britain has access to the same information, making it difficult for organisations to get ahead in terms of knowledge. However it is important to note that pharmacy’s are not entirely profit orientated, but also aimed at providing the best possible medicine and vaccinations to the public. The General Pharmaceutical Council and its implications Continued professional development is vital in the pharmacy profession as it allows for individuals and organisations to reflect back on their practice and then create plans to upgrade and improve. There is a professional body dedicated entirely to this system called the General Pharmaceutical Council (GDP), [10] this body provides a particular framework for individuals and organisations to set targets based on their previous practices. The CDP offers a cycle for firms to reflect on their previous practices and then plan on ways to improve practices on the future based on experiences and knowledge they have acquired. Another aspect of the CDP is something called Continued Professional Development (CPD) [11] This is a set of standards that are universal to all companies in the industry and which they must all comply with. What makes this so effective is the CPD is applied to all pharmacists and failure to meet the standards would result in the pharmacy losing their registration. The CPD expects each pharmacist to make a minimum of 9 entries a year, based on the knowledge acquired to update their own practices. This is a huge incentive for all firms to get involved as failure to do so would result in losing their registration. Although this is a good strategy in attempting to engage organisations in learning, there is a key fundamental drawback. Although the system allows for storage of explicit data from each organisation, it does not allow for pharmacies to access information from other pharmacies therefore stopping any sharing of information or data. However it is clear there are other professional bodies available for this. The effect of IT The internet for many may have made the storage of knowledge much easier, however there is a negative associated with heavy reliance on IT. The effect may be that members from departments and organisations no longer need to confer with each other as the information can be taken from a directory from any enterprise system. This will reduce â€Å"face to face† conversations between specialists which spark new ideas resulting in a lack of new information coming in. The availability and easy access of knowledge will act as a disincentive for individuals to search for new information. Conclusion Knowledge management is now considered essential, with many agreeing the knowledge a business has is one of it’s most precious assets. Overall it is quite evident that the pharmaceutical industry is heavily reliant on the use of IT to process, store and share knowledge. The professional bodies mentioned above are only a few of the number of enterprise systems dedicated to allowing organisations to update their knowledge of the profession and maintain a high level of customer satisfaction. The use of a universal framework to engage pharmacists in assessing their own practices is an essential tool in making firms acknowledge their own level of knowledge as well as keeping them up to date with the most recent information. The fact that there is still competition and huge sums of money invested into R+D shows that all across the industry people are still challenging new ideas, however one thing is for certain, each organisation relies on each other for new information and knowledge in this ever changing industry.